Fundamentals Flashcards
(20 cards)
What does the Extracellular Communication System control?
Body metabolism
Growth and development
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Overall well being
Being Good Retains Hot Oatmeal
What are the two major components of the communication system that are linked to the nervous system?
Immune System
Endocrine System
How do hormones exert their actions?
Autocrine (affects itself)
Paracrine (locally communicates)
Endocrine (bloodstream)
How do hormones act on their targets?
By binding to specific proteins called receptors
What is a second messenger?
Requires the first messenger to initiate second messenger to transport signal using molecules
How can we classify hormones?
Polypeptide/Protein
Steroid
Amino Acid
What is important about Polypeptide/Protein Hormones?
Water Soluble
Circulate freely in plasma
Require a second messenger
What are some examples of Polypeptide/Protein hormones
ACTH
Growth Hormone
Insulin
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Always Go Into Prone
What is a positive feedback loop?
Hormone or CNS gets stimulated and hormones are secreted
What is a Negative Feedback Loop?
High T3, T4 levels -
Hypothalamus decreases TRH - Pituitary decreases TSH -
T3, T4 levels are decreased
What are the two portions of the Hypothalamus?
Adenohypophysis (Front portion)
Neurohypophysis (Back portion)
Which classification of hormones does the Hypothalamus mainly release?
Polypeptide/Protein
Which hormones are synthesized and released from the Hypothalamus?
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)
Prolactin-Releasing Peptide
Prolactin-Releasing Inhibiting Factor (PRIF)
Somatostatin (SS)
Which hormones are STORED in the Neurohypophysis?
AVP/ADH
Oxcytocin
Where is the Pituitary Gland located?
Base of the skull in a bone cavity
Sella Turcica
What is the Hypophysis involved in regulating?
Growth
Development
Thyroid Function
Adrenal Function
Gonadal Function
Water and salt homeostasis
Going Dark Takes Adept Gonads With ___
What does a low production of ADH result in?
Polyuria
Diabetes Insipidus
What does an over production of ADH cause?
Oliguria
Anuria
What promotes Uterine contractions, milk ejection, and the second stage of labor in pregnancy?
Oxytocin
What hormones is the Adenohypophysis responsible for?
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
