Funtions and Clinical Significance Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the causes for Pituitary Dysfunction?
Genetic Disorders
Bacterial Infections
Tumors
What is the most common form of hypersecreting Pituitary Disease?
Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
How can diseases be classified in relation to the Endocrine system?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Specific part of system that causes the abnormality
What is a primary Adrenal Deficiency?
When the Adrenal Glands themselves are the problem
What is a Secondary Adrenal Deficiency?
Low cortisol levels is the cause of low ACTH
What is a Tertiary Deficiency?
Problem with the Hypothalamus
What is the major function of Thyroid Hormones?
Control of the Basal Metabolic Rate
Stimulate, Promote, and Enhance (Positive)
What is the basic element involved in the synthesis of Thyroid Hormones?
Dietary Iodine
What is Thyroglobulin made of and what is it’s purpose?
Made up of two chains of the amino acid Tyrosine
Backbone for hormone synthesis
T4 and T3 are reversibly bound to carrier proteins. What are these proteins?
Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG)
Transthyretin (TBPA)
Albumin
What hormones are crucial for reproductive function?
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
What is the principal androgen in males?
Testosterone
What is Testosterone required for?
Sexual Differentiation
Spermatogenesis
Sexual maturity
What does Luteinizing Hormone act on in males?
Leydig cells to produce Testosterone
What does Follicle-Stimulating Hormone act on in males?
Sertoli cells to produce sperm
What are the three most active Estrogens?
Estrone
Estradiol
Estriol
What are the primary estrogens in Non pregnant women?
Estradiol and Progesterone
What Estrogens are present in Pregnant women?
Estriol
Corpus Luteum produces Progesterone until placenta takes over
What are the two phases associated with the Menstrual Cycle?
Follicular and Luteal Phase
When do we see a peak in FSH in women?
A few days before the start of the cycle
As follicles grow in women, what elevates?
Estrogen
What suppresses FSH and LH and which phase does this occur?
Estradiol
Progesterone
Inhibin
Luteal Phase
What is a Zygote?
Fertilized ovum
When do we see a peak in hCG?
End of the first trimester
