Fundamentals Concepts of Pharmacology

Question 1

the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

is the Father of Pharmacology.

Answer 2

Paracelsus

Question 3

What the drug does to body

Answer 3

Pharmacodynamics

Question 4

What the body does to drug

Answer 4

Pharmacokinetics

Question 5

The study of the use of drugs

Answer 5

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 6

Preparing suitable dosage forms

Answer 6

Pharmacy

Question 7

The study of drug dosage

Answer 7

Posology

Question 8

The study of nature, effects and detection of poisons

Answer 8

Toxicology

Question 9

quantity of drug administered at one time

Answer 9

Dose

Question 10

amount of drug that should be given over time

Answer 10

Dosage

Question 11

Dutch droog, meaning dry; are chemical substances that have an effect on living organisms.

Answer 11

Drugs

Question 12

therapeutic drugs used in the treatment of diseases.

Answer 12

Medicine

Question 13

Naming Drugs in 3 Ways

Answer 13

Chemical Name, Brand Name, Generic Name

Question 14

What are the Branches of Pharmacology

Answer 14

Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacotherapeutics, Pharmacy, Posology, Toxicology

Question 15

are the scientific names based on the molecular structure of the drug.

Answer 15

Chemical Name

Question 16

the brand name is developed by the company requesting approval for the drug and identifies it as the exclusive property of that company. Also known as a proprietary name, is chosen by the drug company and is usually a registered trademark owned by that specific manufacturer.

Answer 16

Brand Name or Trade Name

Question 17

means the name of a genus. This term usually names a class or category of products or services. Common or general name assigned to the drug; Is the official or non-proprietary name for the drug.

Answer 17

Generic Name

Question 18

A list of **medical **conditions or diseases for which the drug is meant to be used. Medical term,

Answer 18

Indication

Question 19

A description of the cellular changes that occur as a result of the drug.

Answer 19

Action

Question 20

A list of conditions for which the drug should not be given.

Answer 20

Contraindication

Question 21

A list of conditions or types of patients that warrant closer observation for a specific side effects when given the drug.

Answer 21

Caution

Question 22

A list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects, other than the desired effects.

Answer 22

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Question 23

Adverse Reaction

Answer 23

Unique to all

Question 24

Side Effects

Answer 24

Common to all

Question 25

A list of other drugs or food that may alter the effect of the drug and usually should not be given during the same course of therapy.

Answer 25

Interaction

Question 26

SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION

Answer 26

Drug Handbook Physician Desk Reference (PDR) Packet Insert Nursing Journal Medical Let MIMS (Monthly Index of Medical Specialties)

Question 27

Are rules set to assure consumers that they get what they pay for. The law says that all preparations called by the same drug name must be of **uniform strength, quality and purity (branded or generic)**

Answer 27

Drug Standards

Question 28

First government attempt in the manufacture of drugs and foods. Required all drugs marketed to **meet minimal standards of strength, purity, and quality.** (US) The Pure Food and Drug Act required accurate **ingredient labeling** and prohibited the sale of adulterated and misbranded food and drugs.

Answer 28

1906 Pure Food And Drug Act or Federal Food and Drugs Act or Wiley Act

Question 29

The primary purpose of this legislation is to ensure safety. America’s 1st law to regulate drugs was the Federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, which did not include **drug effectiveness and drug safety.**

Answer 29

Federal Legislations

Question 30

Concerned with general safety standards in the production of drugs, foods, and cosmetics. **Responsible for approval and removal** of products on the market.

Answer 30

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Question 31

Establish to prevent adulteration of and **tampering with drugs, food and cosmetics** require all companies to put **warning labels**

Answer 31

1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act

Question 32

**distinguished between drugs that can be sold with or without prescription and those that should not be refilled without a new prescription**, such as narcotics, hypnotics, or tranquilizer must be so labelled. * Antibiotics and Analgesics cannot be bought without prescriptions.

Answer 32

1952: Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the 1938 Act

Question 33

resulted from the widely publicized** thalidomide tragedy.** The Kefauver-Harris amendment tightened **controls on drug safety,** especially experimental drugs, and required that adverse reactions and contraindications must be labelled and included in the literature. do not give drugs that give **teratogenic effects**

Answer 33

1962: Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the 1938 Act

Question 34

(CSA) of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, Title II, was passed by Congress. This act, designed to remedy the escalating problem of drug abuse, included several provisions: The promotion of drug education and research into the prevention and treatment of drug dependence; The strengthening of enforcement authority; The establishment of treatment and rehabilitation facilities; The designation of schedules, or categories, for controlled substances according to abuse liability. Drugs that can cause dependent addiction amphetamine, codeine, morphine, marijuana

Answer 34

1970: The Controlled Substances Act

Question 34

This reform act **shortened the time** in which new drugs could be developed and marketed. became important because during covid pandemic, this law was implemented so we can use our vaccines (usually we cannot use vaccines unless they complete the three trials)

Answer 34

1978: Drug Regulation Reform Act (DRRA)

Question 35

The regulation were changed to ** increase the approval rate of drugs used to treat AIDS and cancer. ** The pharmaceutical companies pay a user fee at the time they file the application for the new drug. The fee is for the FDA drug approval process.

Answer 35

1992: Drug Relation Act

Question 36

There are five provisions in this act, which include the following: 1. review and use of new drugs is accelerated; 2. drugs can be tested in children before marketing; 3. clinical trial data is necessary for experimental drug use for serious or life-threatening health conditions; 4. drug companies are required to give information on “off-label” drugs (non-FDA approved drugs) and their uses and costs; and 5. drug companies that plan to discontinue drugs must inform health professionals and clients (the public) at least 6 months before stopping drug production.

Answer 36

1997: The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act

Question 37

nurses cannot prescribe or administer drugs without a health care provider’s order

Answer 37

Nurse Practice Act

Question 38

An act providing for a more responsive nursing profession, repealing for the purpose of RA no. 7164, otherwise known as "The Philippine Nursing Act of 1991

Answer 38

RA 9173

Question 39

Negligence; giving the **wrong drug** or drug dose that results in the client’s death. Misspelled (second most common)

Answer 39

Misfeasance.

Question 40

Omission; **omitting a drug dose** that results in the client’s death. like cardiac drugs (third most common)

Answer 40

Nonfeasance.

Question 41

Giving the correct drug but by the **wrong route** that results in the client’s death. (most common)

Answer 41

Malfeasance.