Fundamentals & Ethics

Question 1

Mnemonics for contact, droplet, & airborne precautions

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!

Answer 1

• Contact = DORMS
• Droplet = SPIDERMAN
• Airborne = airS MTV

Question 2

Standard Precautions

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!

include diseases

Answer 2

Hand Hygiene, non-sterile gloves, clean room & equipment

• Hep C, HIV, & Shingles (crusted)

Question 3

Contact Precautions

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!

include diseases

Answer 3

Gown & Gloves + standard precautions
*
*

DORMS
* Diarrhea: E.coli, Rotavirus, C. diff
* Other: viral / bacterial conjunctivitis
* Respiratory: RSV & Parainfluenza (croup)
* Multi-drug resistant: MRSA & VRE
* Skin: scabies, fungal, & shingles (open)

Question 4

Droplet Precautions

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!

include diseases

Answer 4

Surgial Mask + standard precautions
*
*

SPIDERMAN
* Strep
* Pertussis (whooping cough) & pneumonia
* Influenza A & B
* Diphtheria
* Epiglottitis (due to Hib)
* Rubella
* Mumps
* Adenovirus
* Neisseria meningitis

Question 5

Airborne Precautions

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!

include diseases

Answer 5

N95, negative-pressure room, closed door + standard precautions
*
*
airS MTV
* Shingles
* MeAsCles
* TB
* Varicella

Private room if available

Question 6

Key signs & symptoms and treatment for measles

Answer 6

S/S:
* coryza (inflammed nostrils)
* klopnik spots
* conjunctivitis

**tx = ** vitamin A

Question 7

What is the treatment for TB & associated side effects?

Answer 7

RIPE
*
*
* Rifampin = red
* Isoniazie = LFTs, hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy
* Pyrazidamide
* Ethambutol = eyes

Question 8

Explain the modes of transmission for Hepatitis A, B, & C

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!

Answer 8

• Hep A = fecal & oral
• Hep B = Bodily fluids (blood, semen, vaginal secretions)
• Hepatitis C = blood & organ transplant

Question 9

List the order of PPE application for donning and doffing

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!

Answer 9

Donning: (bottom up)
1.) gown
2.) mask
3.) goggles
4.) gloves

*
*

Doffing: (alphabetical)
1.) gloves
2.) goggles
3.) gown
4.) mask

Question 10

Med Math equation to find mg/dose or mL/dose

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!!

Answer 10

(Rx / have) x volume

Rx = prescribed
Have = available doe
Volume = available volume

Question 11

Parkland Formula

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!!

Answer 11

4 mL x body weight (kg) x Total BSA

Question 12

How do you calculate IV Flow Rate?

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!!

Answer 12

(Volume (mL) / time (minutes)) x drop factor (gtts/mL) = gtts/min

Question 13

• How many mcg are in 1 mg?
• How many mg are in 1 g?
• How many g are in 1 kg?
• How many lbs are in 1 kg?
• How many mL are in 1 tsp?
• How many mL are in 1 L?
• How many mL are in 1 tbsp?

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!!

Answer 13

• 1 mg = 1000 mcg
  *
  *
• 1 g = 1000 mg
  *
  *
• 1 kg = 1000 g
  *
  *
• 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
  *
  *
• 1 tsp = 5 mL
  *
  *
• 1 L = 1000 mL
  *
  *
• 1 tbsp = 15 mL

Question 14

What do you expect to see in each chamber of a chest tube drainage system?
* Water-seal chamber
* Wet suction chamber
* Air leak chamber

HIGH YIELD; KNOW THIS!!!!

Answer 14

Water Seal Chamber = tidaling (good)

*
*

Wet Suction Chamber = continuous, stead bubbling (good)
* vigorous bubbling = bad

*
*

Air Leak Chamber =
* intermittent bubbling w/ pneumo = normal
*
* no fluctuation = kink or lung is re-expanded
*
* excessive/continuous bubbling = air leak

Question 15

What is the difference in assault & battery?

What is the difference in negligence & malpractice?

Answer 15

• Assault = verbal threat
• Battery = physical contact

*
*

• Negligence = unintentional
• Malpractice = intentional

Assault vs Battery = A before B

• *

Intent Matters = Malpractice is INtentional