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Health / Fundamentlas Assesment Exam 3 > fundamentals exam 3 pt2 > Flashcards

fundamentals exam 3 pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

List the food components

A

Carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

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2
Q

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins that dissolve in fats and oils

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3
Q

What are water-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins that dissolve in water

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4
Q

What lifespan issues could impact nutrition?

A

Age-related changes, health conditions, accessibility

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5
Q

What should the RN educate each lifespan on regarding nutrition?

A

Nutritional concerns and dietary needs specific to age

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6
Q

Discuss potassium: functions and food sources

A

Functions: muscle function, nerve signals; Foods: bananas, potatoes, spinach

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7
Q

Discuss sodium: functions and food sources

A

Functions: fluid balance, nerve transmission; Foods: table salt, processed foods

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8
Q

Discuss magnesium: functions and food sources

A

Functions: muscle and nerve function, energy production; Foods: nuts, whole grains, leafy greens

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9
Q

Discuss calcium: functions and food sources

A

Functions: bone health, muscle function; Foods: dairy products, leafy greens, fortified foods

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10
Q

What are blood glucose levels?

A

The concentration of glucose in the blood

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11
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

Low blood sugar levels

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12
Q

What is hyperglycemia?

A

High blood sugar levels

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13
Q

What complications can arise from hypoglycemia?

A

Confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness

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14
Q

What complications can arise from hyperglycemia?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis, long-term organ damage

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15
Q

What is albumin?

A

A protein in blood plasma

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16
Q

What is pre-albumin?

A

A protein that indicates short-term nutritional status

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17
Q

Why are albumin and pre-albumin important?

A

They assess nutritional status and liver function

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18
Q

What are concerns/complications of poor nutritional status?

A

Weight loss, weakened immune response, muscle wasting

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19
Q

What assessments would be included in nutritional status evaluation?

A

Diet history, physical examination, laboratory tests

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20
Q

What is included in a cholesterol panel?

A

Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides

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21
Q

What should be high and low in a cholesterol panel?

A

High: HDL; Low: LDL, total cholesterol

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22
Q

What does an elevated cholesterol panel indicate?

A

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

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23
Q

What education should the RN provide to a patient with elevated cholesterol?

A

Dietary changes, exercise recommendations, medication adherence

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24
Q

What should a nutritional assessment include?

A

Dietary intake, medical history, physical assessment

25
What is BMI and why is it important?
Body Mass Index; it assesses body weight relative to height
26
What are the BMI ranges for categories?
* Underweight: <18.5 * Normal: 18.5-24.9 * Overweight: 25-29.9 * Obesity: ≥30
27
How do cultural influences impact nutrition?
Food choices, dietary restrictions, meal patterns
28
Discuss special diets and provide examples
* Mediterranean: fruits, vegetables, whole grains * Cardiac/low sodium: lean proteins, low-sodium foods * Full-liquid diet: smoothies, soups * Clear-liquid diet: broth, clear juices
29
How should an RN assist a patient with visual impairment during feeding?
Provide verbal cues, guide utensils
30
How should an RN assist a patient with dementia during feeding?
Use simple instructions, maintain a calm environment
31
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
32
How does dysphagia impact feeding?
Increases risk of aspiration and malnutrition
33
When preparing to insert an NGT, how should the RN measure?
From the nose to the ear to the xiphoid process
34
What strategies should the RN perform to verify nasogastric placement?
Aspirate gastric contents, check pH, confirm with X-ray
35
What steps/concerns need to be addressed prior to feeding a patient via NGT?
Verify placement, assess tolerance, ensure proper feeding technique
36
What is the function of oxygen?
Essential for cellular respiration and energy production
37
What is hypoxia?
Insufficient oxygen in the tissues
38
What does RAT to BED stand for?
Respiratory Assessment Tool to Bedside Evaluation and Diagnosis
39
What is a normal pH level?
7.35-7.45
40
What is a normal CO2 level?
35-45 mmHg
41
What is a normal HCO3 level?
22-26 mEq/L
42
What is a normal PaO2 level?
75-100 mmHg
43
What are the various oxygen delivery systems?
* Nasal cannula * Simple mask * Venturi mask * Non-rebreather mask * CPAP
44
What is a humidification bottle used for?
To add moisture to inhaled oxygen
45
What is an incentive spirometer?
A device to encourage deep breathing
46
What are non-pharmacological interventions that can enhance sleep?
* Sleep hygiene education * Relaxation techniques * Cognitive behavioral therapy
47
What is the difference between side effects and adverse effects?
Side effects are expected; adverse effects are harmful or unintended
48
List the various routes of medication administration
* Oral * Intravenous * Intramuscular * Subcutaneous * Topical
49
What is the difference between a prescription and over-the-counter medication?
Prescription requires a doctor's order; OTC can be purchased without one
50
How can vitamins and caffeine impact medication administration?
They can interact with medications and alter absorption or efficacy
51
What are the rights of medication administration?
* Right patient * Right medication * Right dose * Right route * Right time
52
What should the RN do if a medication error occurs?
Report the error, assess the patient, document the incident
53
What are some medication aides?
Pill organizers, medication reminders, educational pamphlets
54
How should the RN administer eye drops?
Instill drops into the conjunctival sac without touching the eye
55
How should the RN administer ear drops?
Tilt the head, pull the ear up and back, instill drops
56
What are the various injection types?
* Intravenous * Intramuscular * Subcutaneous * Intradermal
57
What are the angles for each injection type?
* Intravenous: 25-30 degrees * Intramuscular: 90 degrees * Subcutaneous: 45-90 degrees * Intradermal: 15 degrees
58
What are pharmacological interventions that can enhance sleep?
* Benzodiazepines * Non-benzodiazepine sleep aids * Melatonin

Health / Fundamentlas Assesment Exam 3 (5 decks)

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