Fundamentals of bacterology

Question 1

First bacterium shown to cause human disease

A. Mycobacterium
B. Staphylococcus
C. Bacillus anthracis
D. Rabies

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What property of Archaea differentiates it from bacteria?

A. Lack of peptidoglycans
B. Live in soil
C. Have membrane-bound organelles
D. Lack a nucleus

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A polymer of glycan and peptide in bacterial cell walls

A. Peptidoglycan
B. Diglucosamine
C. Glucosemanan
D. D-alanine

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Characteristic of gram positive bacteria

A. Hydrophobic cell wall
B. Presence of outer membrane envelope
C. Thick peptidoglycan layer
D. Thin peptidoglycan layer

Answer 4

C

Question 5

An integral component of the gram negative cell wall is the periplasm. If there was a defect in this periplasm, which of the following functions would most likely be disrupted?

A. The ability of siderophores to participate in iron uptake
B. The synthesis of lipoproteins thus decreasing the amount of peptidoglycan present
C. The production of lipopolysaccharide thus making the bacteria non-pathogenic
D. The ability to bind to vitamins, iron, and enzymes needed for bacterial nutrition

Answer 5

D

Question 6

The gram stain procedure is used to identify the morphology and arrangement of bacteria. Which is correct?

A. Gram positive bacteria in an old culture may absorb the counterstain
B. If alcohol is skipped, gram negative bacteria will appear pink
C. Carbolfuchsin is most commonly used in gram staining
D. Crystal violet is a stable mordant that binds to the peptidoglycan in the cell wall

Answer 6

A

Question 7

The direct sharing of plasmid from one bacterium to another

A. Transduction
B. Transfection
C. Conjugation
D. Transformation

Answer 7

C

Question 8

The process of acquiring genes from plasmids or naked DNA picked up from the environment

A. Transduction
B. Transfection
C. Conjugation
D. Transformation

Answer 8

D

Question 9

It is the process by which a bacteriophage relocates bacterial genetic material from one bacterium to another

A. Transduction
B. Transfection
C. Conjugation
D. Transformation

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Many bacteria are able to survive with or without oxygen. What type of bacteria tolerate these conditions and are able to grow well in the presence of oxygen?

A. Facultative anaerobe
B. Obligate aerobe
C. Microaerophile
D. Aerotolerant anaerobe

Answer 10

A

Question 11

The normal reproductive growth of bacteria is through binary fission. Which of the following is correct?

A. Binary fission is the sexual reproduction cycle of many bacteria
B. During binary fission, the bacterium undergoes mitosis
C. Binary fission does not provide an opportunity for genetic recombination
D. In binary fission, the cell elongates while the linear DNA replicates

Answer 11

C

Question 12

Most bacterial capsules are made of polysaccharides. A bacterium containing polypeptide capsule

A. B. subtilis
B. B. anthracis
C. Listeria monocytogenes
D. Vibrio cholera

Answer 12

B

Question 13

Preformed toxins are actively released by bacteria. What is the general type of toxins described?

A. Exotoxin
B. Endotoxin
C. Proteases
D. Emetic toxin

Answer 13

B

Question 14

What is the negatively charged structure responsible for binding and regulating movement of cations into and out of the gram positive cell wall?

A. Lipoteichoic acid
B. Periplasm
C. Lipopolysaccharide
D. Porins

Answer 14

A

Question 15

Nuclear region of bacteria

a. Nucleus
b. Mesosomes
c. Nucleoid
d. Nuclear membrane

Answer 15

C

Question 16

What type of microorganism has only molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor?

a. Obligate aerobe
b. Obligate anaerobe
c. Strictly anaerobe
d. Facultative anaerobe

Answer 16

A

Question 17

Bacteria that grows as temperature as high as 500 C to 550 C

a. Psychotrophs
b. Thermotrophs
c. Thermophiles
d. Psychrophiles

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Primary used stain for Gram stain

a. Crystal violet
b. Lugol’s iodine
c. Carbofuschin
d. Safranin

Answer 18

A

Question 19

If the culture of Staphylococcus were prepared several days ago, what would be the appearance in Gram’s stain?

a. Purple
b. Light purple
c. Pink
d. Rainbow

Answer 19

C

Question 20

What stage of growth is there slow loss of cells through death that is just balanced by the formation of new
through growth and division?

a. Decline
b. Lag
c. Maximal stationary
d. Exponential

Answer 20

C

Question 21

Which layer of the endospores outer covering/coat is the germ cell layer?

a. Exosporium
b. Thick Cortex
c. Spore membrane
d. Inner core

Answer 21

C

Question 22

Which statement best describes fimbriae?

a. Most Gram positive bacteria have a set of fimbriae
b. Also known as “common pili”
c. Larger than flagella
d. Facilitates transfer of genetic material

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which of the following is true about endotoxin?

a. Commonly referred to as lipopolysaccharide
b. Mostly produced by Gram positive bacteria
c. Staphylococcus aureus produces it
d. Are heat labile compared to heat stable exotoxins

Answer 23

A

Question 24

Some bacteria have protein thread-like appendage called flagella. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Flagella is found exclusively in Gram negative bacteria.
b. The flagella is affixed to the bacteria by a basal body.
c. The flagella is composed of repeating polysaccharide units called flagellin.
d. The bacteria and its flagellin are seen in Gram stain.

Answer 24

B

Question 25

One of the distinguishing features of prokaryotes is its ability to exhangegenetic information. Which of the following aids the transfer? a. Cell wall b. Surface glycoprotein c. Adherins d. Plasmid

Answer 25

D

Question 26

The process of passing the DNA (from) one bacterium to another in a bacteriophage and incorporated into the recepient’s DNA is a. Transduction b. Conjugation c. Transformation d. Transcription

Answer 26

A

Question 27

Which of the following regarding bacteria DNA is correct? a. It contains histone proteins b. It is only single-stranded c. It is a single circular loop d. Bacteria only has 4 chromosomes

Answer 27

C

Question 28

Cluster of polar flagella a. Amphitrichous b. Monotrichous c. Peritrichous d. Lophotrichous

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Bacterial cell wall are composed of peptidoglycan. What is the other name of this compound? a. N-acetyl muramic acid b. N-acetyl glucosamine c. Murein mucopeptide d. Mesodiaminopimetic acid

Answer 29

C

Question 30

What is periplasm? a. Area between outer and inner cell membranes in Gram positive bacteria b. Area between outer and inner cell membranes in Gram negative bacteria c. Area outside the cell membrane exposed to environmental conditions d. Area within the plasma membrane

Answer 30

B

Question 31

In the growth curve, which is associated with the lag phase? a. Period of initial adjustment b. Transitional period c. Generation time d. Period of no activity

Answer 31

A

Question 32

Which of the following is absent in Gram positive bacterium? a. Lipopolysaccharide b. Phospholipid bilayer c. Penicillin binding protein

Answer 32

A

Question 33

The bacteria contain pores to alter the passage of nutrients into the cell. Where are the porins located? a. Outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria b. Thick peptidoglycan layer of Gram positive bacteria c. Plasma membrane of bacterium d. Nuclear area of bacterium

Answer 33

A

Question 34

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of gram negative bacteria? A. endotoxin B. teichoic acid C. muramic acid D. peptidoglycan

Answer 34

A

Question 35

What kind of bacteria can survive in an environment with oxygen but cannot grow? A. Facultative Anaerobes B. Obligate Anaerobe C. Facultative Aerobes D. Aerotolerant Anaerobes

Answer 35

D

Question 36

Which are correct regarding bacterial chromosome A. Made up of monosaccharide sequence that forms DNA B. plasmids are extrachromosomal RNA that encode for antibody resistance C. made of super coiled single-stranded DNA D. there is only one bacterial chromosome in the the DNA

Answer 36

D

Question 37

A gram positive bacteria showed positive for coagulate and catalase. Which bacteria is this? A. Streptococcus pyogenes B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Staphylococcus viridans D. E. Coli

Answer 37

B

Question 38

Spirochetes are considered prokaryotic because A. have cell membrane B. have polarity C. have both DNA and RNA in nucleus D. have muramic acid in cell wall

Answer 38

D

Question 39

Enzymes present against toxic effects of oxygen except: A. superoxide dismutase B. peroxidase. C. coagulase D. catalase

Answer 39

C

Question 40

Which group of reagents & what order are used in Gram staining? A. crystal violet, acid alcohol, iodine, safranin B. crystal violet, iodine, 95% alcohol, safranin C. crystal violet, iodine, 95% alcohol, carvolfuchin D. crystal violet, safranin, 95% alcohol, iodine

Answer 40

B

Question 41

The bacterial cell membrane is composed of phospholipid bilayer. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Cell membrane is composed of proteins and usually contains sterols. B. Membrane has functions in synthetic, homeostatic, secretory, and ETC C. Membrane is NOT functionally equivalent with eukaryotic cell organelle processes D. Membranes of G+ and G- bacteria are different in composition, structure, and function.

Answer 41

C

Question 42

Which of the following statement is true for Gram staining? A. Can distinguish all bacteria B. Staining properties of gram negative bacteria can be lost during Gram staining C. Stain depends on cell wall integrity D. Alcohol can dissolve crystal violet-iodine complex

Answer 42

C

Question 43

A student forgot to apply iodine, in a staphylococcus specimen, what will be the result for a gram positive bacteria? A. Blue B. Pink C. Colorless

Answer 43

B

Question 44

Bacterial flagella can be described as A. Cannot be stained B. Exclusive to Gram negative bacteria C. Superficially attached to the cell wall D. Composed of a single type of protein subunit

Answer 44

D

Question 45

Sulfur granules in wound are indicative of: A. Candida albicans B. Cryptococcus neoforans C. Sporothrix schenckii D. Actinomycetes isreelli

Answer 45

D

Question 46

A lady ate a contaminated shellfish and was infected with Vibrio cholerae. What type of immunity did she acquire? A. Artificial active acquired B. Artificial passive acquired C. Natural active acquired D. Natural passive acquired

Answer 46

C

Question 47

Pili is commonly found in A. Gram positive B. Gram negative C. Both D. Neither

Answer 47

B

Question 48

The sequence of monosaccharides make up the prokaryotic DNA. T/F

Answer 48

F

Question 49

Plasmids are RNA chromosomes that encode for antibiotic resistance. T/F

Answer 49

F

Question 50

Antibacterial capsule is a major virulence characteristic of bacteria. T/F

Answer 50

T/F