Fundamentals of Biochemistry

Question 1

Tracers

Answer 1

radioisotopes that are used to mark or highlight molecules in living cells. (helps find diseases)

Question 1

Cohesion: What is it? Whats the effect?

Answer 1

WHAT IS IT?
- water forms hydrogen bonds with itself/ other h2o molecules (CO:together)

EFFECT:
- Creates high surface tension
(EX.bug walking on water)

Question 2

Adhesion: What is it? Whats the effect?

Answer 2

WHAT IS IT?
- water forms hydrogen bonds with OTHER polar molecules (AD:away)

EFFECT:
- Causes capillary action
(EX. water travels up xylem tubes in plants)
- allows solubility with polar molecules
(EX. sugar dissolves in water)

Question 3

Water specific heat capacity

Answer 3

very high! (takes a while to warm up therefore keeps a steady body temperature)

Question 4

Water specific heat of vaporization

Answer 4

• water evaporates using thermal energy (heat) to break the hydrogen bonds
• (EX. cools body when with sweat)

Question 5

Water density

Answer 5

• solid water is less dense than liquid -ice in water floats
• molecules in solid further away than molecules in liquid because of hydrogen bonds (molecules in lower/colder temp slower so less movement and breakage)
  (EX. fish don’t freeze in ocean)

Question 6

Acids

Answer 6

Donate Hydrogen ions

Question 7

Bases

Answer 7

Receive hydrogen ions

Question 8

Water ionization

Answer 8

auto ionize and makes hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 9

Strong acids & bases

Answer 9

ionize completely

Question 10

Weak acids & bases

Answer 10

ionize partially

Question 11

Normal human pH

Answer 11

7.35 - 7.45

Question 12

Buffer system NAME

Answer 12

carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system

Question 13

Buffer system FORMULA

Answer 13

H20 (water) + CO2 (carbondioxide) = H2CO3(carbonic acid) = HCO3- (bicarbonate) + H+(hydrogen ion
0

Question 14

Products of cell respiration

Answer 14

C6H12O6 (eat glucose)+ 6O2 (breathe air) = 6H20 (water) +6CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Question 15

Intermediate step

Answer 15

Carbonic acid (weak acid) H2CO3

Question 16

Bicarbonate ion

Answer 16

HCO3-

Question 17

Hydrogen ion

Answer 17

H+

Question 18

Body tissue too acidic

Answer 18

too much H+ ions ∵ shift LEFT (towards H+ ions)

Question 19

Body tissue too basic

Answer 19

not enough H+ ∵ shift RIGHT

Question 20

Isomers

Answer 20

Chemicals/molecules that have same formula but different shape/structure

Question 21

Hydrophobic molecules

Answer 21

Molecules that “fear” water. They don’t bond with water / DO NOT DISSOLVE in water

Question 22

Hydrophilic molecules

Answer 22

Molecules that “love” water. They bond well with water/ DO DISSOLVE in water

Question 23

Macromolecules

Answer 23

Big molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins (not learn: nucleic acids)

Question 24

Polymers

Answer 24

Big molecule made of smaller SAME molecules (Ex. Starch (made of glucose)) POLYSACCHARIDE!

Question 25

Monomers

Answer 25

The small molecules that make up a polymer (Ex. glucose) MONOSACCHARIDE!

Question 26

Dehydration synthesis reaction (condensation)

Answer 26

ANABOLIC REACTION: - makes bigger molecules monosaccharide+ monosaccharide= disachrise +h2o

Question 27

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 27

CATABOLIC REACTION: - make smaller molecules Disaccharide + h2o =monosaccharide+monosaccharide

Question 28

Acidosis

Answer 28

When blood PH goes too acidic/bellow 7.35 (Extreme: acidemia)

Question 29

Alkelosis

Answer 29

when blood PH is too basic/goes higher than 7.45 (Extreme: Alkelimia)