Fundamentals Of Flight

Question 0

Acceleration

Answer 0

Change in speed or velocity in respect to time.

Accelerating at a rate of 3mph

Question 1

Inertia

Answer 1

An object remains at rest or continues in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

Question 2

Speed

Answer 2

The rate of movement over a given amount of time

10 knots

Question 3

Velocity

Answer 3

The speed of an object in a given time.

Mph

Question 4

Newtons first law

Answer 4

Inertia, and object at rest will remain at rest or an object in motion will continue in motion until acted upon by an outside force

Question 5

Newtons second law

Answer 5

Force, if an object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an external force the change of motion will be directly proportional to the amount of force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object being moved.

Question 6

Newtons third law

Answer 6

Action and reaction, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 7

What are the wind warnings for small craft, gale and storm?

Answer 7

Small craft: 33 knots or less.
Gale: 34-47 knots.
Storm: 48 knots or greater.

Question 8

What are the tropical cyclone warnings for a tropical depression, tropical storm and hurricane/typhoon?

Answer 8

Tropical depression: 33 knots or less.
Tropical storm: 34-63 knots.
Hurricane/typhoon: 64 knots or greater.

Question 9

What are the weather warnings for thunderstorms, severe thunderstorms and tornados?

Answer 9

Thunderstorm warning: within 3 miles of the airfield.
Severe thunderstorm warning: wind gusts to 50 knots or greater or hail 3/4 inch in diameter or greater.
Tornado warning? tornados have been sited or detected by radar or have a strong potential to develop in the area.

Question 10

Define lift in aeronautical terms.

Answer 10

An upward force that supports the aircraft.

Question 11

Define weight in aeronautical terms.

Answer 11

Downward force acting on the aircraft. Gravity.

Question 12

Define drag in aeronautical terms.

Answer 12

Force holding an aircraft back. Drag resists motion.

Question 13

Define thrust in aeronautical terms.

Answer 13

Force that moves the aircraft forward, developed by the engines. Thrust must be greater than drag in order to fly.

Question 14

Define longitudinal axis in aeronautical terms.

Answer 14

The axis about which roll occurs. Reference line runs from the nose to the tail.

Question 15

Define lateral axis in aeronautical terms.

Answer 15

The axis about which pitch occurs. Reference line runs parallel to the wings

Question 16

Define vertical axis in aeronautical terms.

Answer 16

The axis about which yaw occurs. Reference line runs from the top to the bottom of the aircraft.

Question 17

State the 3 primary movements of the aircraft about the axis.

Answer 17

Pitch: up and down motion about the lateral axis.
Yaw: left or right movement of the nose about the vertical axis.
Roll: the up and down movement of the wing tips about the longitudinal axis.

Question 18

What are the primary flight controls for fixed wing aircraft?

Answer 18

1. lateral control.
2. longitudinal control.
3. directional control.

Question 19

What are the primary flight controls for rotary wing aircraft?

Answer 19

1. cyclic pitch.
2. collective pitch.
3. rotary rudder.

Question 20

State the purpose of the flap control.

Answer 20

Gives the aircraft extra lift in take off and reduces landing speed to shorten the landing length.

Question 21

State the purpose of the spoiler flight control.

Answer 21

Decreases wing lift by destroying the smooth air flow over the wing surface.

Question 22

State the purpose of the speed brakes flight control.

Answer 22

Keeps the speed from building too high in dives or landing. Hinged or moveable control surfaces attached to the fuselage or wings.

Question 23

State the purpose of slats in flight control.

Answer 23

Creates high energy air for catapulting take offs and arrested landings. They are movable control surfaces attached to the leading edge of the wings.

Question 24

State purpose for the horizontal stabilizer flight control.

Answer 24

Provides stability of the A/C about its lateral axis, [longitudinal stability]

Question 25

State the purpose of the vertical stabilizer flight control.

Answer 25

Maintains the stability of the aircraft about its vertical axis [directional stability]

Question 26

State the purpose of the tail rotor flight control.

Answer 26

Counteracts the torque of the main rotor by producing thrust in the opposite direction. also controls the yaw action. Mounted vertically on the outer portion of a helicopters tail.

Question 27

Define Angle of Attack. [AOA]

Answer 27

The angle at which air hits the airfoil or fuselage.

Question 28

Explain autorotation.

Answer 28

Allows helicopters to land safely without using engine power by converting inertial energy into a lift to reduce the rate of decent and cushion the landing.

Question 29

What is the purpose of the shock strut assembly?

Answer 29

It absorbs the shock of the landing in order to sustain the airframe.

Question 30

What is the purpose of the tires?

Answer 30

Allows the aircraft to roll easily and provide traction during take off and landing.

Question 31

What is the purpose of the wheel brake assembly?

Answer 31

Used to slow and stop the aircraft and to prevent the aircraft from rolling while parked.

Question 32

What is the purpose of the retracting and extending mechanism in the landing gears?

Answer 32

Necessary hardware to electrically or hydraulically extend and retract the landing gears.

Question 33

What is the purpose of the side struts and supports?

Answer 33

Provides lateral strength/support for the landing gear.

Question 34

What are the 5 basic sections of a jet engine?

Answer 34

1. intake: allows ambient air to enter the engine.
2. compressor: provides high pressure air to the combustion chambers.
3. combustion chamber: fuel enters and combines with compressed air
4. turbine: drives compressor & accessories by extracting energy and pressure from combustion gases.
5. exhaust: eliminates turbulance in emerging jet giving max velocity.

Question 35

Describe a turbojet engine.

Answer 35

Projects a column of air to the rear at extremely high velocity to propel the aircraft forward.

Question 36

Describe a turboshaft engine.

Answer 36

Delivers power through a shaft. used in helicopters.

Question 37

Describe a turboprop engine.

Answer 37

Gas energy is used to mechanically power and drive a propeller.

Question 38

Describe a turbofan engine.

Answer 38

The same as a turboprop except the propeller is replaced with a duct enclosed axial flow fan.

Question 39

Explain the purpose of the APU.

Answer 39

Furnish electrical power when the engine driven generators are not operating and external power is not available. Also provides compressed bleed air for engine starting and environmental control system (air conditioning)

Question 40

What effects does icing have on naval aircraft?

Answer 40

Decreases lift and increases drag, weight and stalling speed. Decreases A/C efficiency and more power is demanded from the engine. Engine power loss, less aerodynamic efficiency, improper operation of control surfaces, brakes and landing gear, false instrument indications and loss of radios.

Question 41

What is Bernoulli’s principle?

Answer 41

When a flowing fluid hits a constriction, the speed increases and the pressure decreases.

Question 42

How does Bernoulli’s principle apply to lift of an aircraft?

Answer 42

When air flow hits the leading edge of the wings, the air is split. The curved top of the wings created a constriction which increases air speed and lowers pressure. the air that goes below the wings still has high pressure because theres no constriction. the high pressure below lifts the aircraft.

Question 43

One knot is equal to approximately how many miles per hour?

Answer 43

1.1 mph