Fundamentals of Nutrition Part II Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the 3 forms of vegetarianism?
Pesco-vegetarianism (consuming fish)
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian (consume milk and eggs)
Strict Vegans (no animal products)
What is the Atkins diet?
Low carbs diet
What is the Paleo Diet?
Hunter-gatherer
nothing processed
What are the 4 characteristics of the Western Dietary Plan?
High Glycemic Load
High Na/K ratio
Low Fiber
Bad fatty acid composition (saturated, low omega-3/omega6 ratio)
How does the Mediterranean diet compare to the western diet?
Mediterranean diet is the exact opposite of the Western diet
Low Glycemic load
Low Na/K ratio
High fiber
Good fatty acid composition (unsaturated, high omega-3/omega6)
What are the water soluble vitamins? What are the names of each vitamin?
B1- Thiamine
B2- Riboflavin
B3- Niacin
B5- Pantothenic acid
B6- Pyridoxine
B7- Biotin
B9- Folic acid
B12- Cobalamine
C- Ascorbate
What are the fat soluble vitamins? What are the name of each vitamin.
ADEK
A- Retinol/Retinoic Acid
D- Calcitriol
E
K
What are the sources for the water soluble vitamins?
B1- Thiamine (grain, yeast, pork)
B2- Riboflavin (milk, eggs)
B3- Niacin (meat, yeast, fruits, vegetables)
B5- Pantothenic acid (many things)
B6- Pyridoxine (meat, vegetables, grains)
B7- Biotin (yeast, nuts)
B9- Folic acid (vegetables, liver)
B12- Cobalamine (meat, liver, milk, eggs)
C- Ascorbate (fruits, vegetables)
What 3 tissues does vitamin D work? What is the function of vitamin D in each tissue location?
GI tract- promotes calcium absorption
Kidneys- stimulates reabsorption of calcium and phosphate
Bone- osteoclast activation -> Bone resorption
What disease occurs when Vitamin D is deficient?
Childhood Rickets
Adults Osteomalacia
What causes a deficiency in Thiamine (B1)? What 3 clinical manifestations does this cause?
Alcoholism
Clinical Manifestations:
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Dry Beriberi- muscle wasting, partial paralysis
Wet Beriberi- peripheral edema, cardiac failure
What causes a deficiency in Riboflavin (B2)?
What does this clinically result in?
Deficiency in ariboflavinosis
Causes sore throat, hyperemia of pharyngeal mucous
What are 2 diseases that cause a deficiency in Niacin (B3)?
Pellagra- Dermatitis, dementia
Hartnup disease- impaired amino acid absorption from intestines and reabsorption of kidneys -,. tryptophan deficiency -> niacin deficiency
What causes a deficiency in Pantothenic Acid (B5)?
What does this cause?
Deficiency from extreme starvation
Dermatitis, numbness, parenthesis and dysesthesias (burning feet syndrome)
What causes a deficiency in Pyridoxine (B6)?
What does this cause?
Conversion of tryptophan to niacin
Causes photosensitivity dizziness and nausea
What causes a deficiency in Biotin (B7)?
What does this cause?
Deficiency from excessive consumption of raw egg whites
Causes conjunctivitis, dermatitis around eyes, nose and mouth
What causes a deficiency in Folic Acid (B9)? What does this cause?
Deficiency during pregnancy which can cause neural tube defects (ex. spina bifida)
Can also cause homocysteinemia
Due to folate pool quickly being depleted in alcoholics and pregnancy
What causes a deficiency in Cobalamin (B12)?
What 3 symptoms will patients with this deficiency have?
Deficiency from pernicious anemia, pancreatitis, long term vegetarian diet, resection of the terminal ileum
Sx’s
Inflammation of the tongue
Numbness and tingling
Megaloblastic anemia
What causes a deficiency in Ascorbic Acid (C)?
What does this cause?
Deficiency from the lack of fruit and green vegetables
Causes gingivitis, and impaired wound healing
If a patient is suffering from Vitamin E deficiency, what 4 symptoms will this cause
Causes Crohn’s disease and cystic fibrosis
Sxs are peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy
What is Vitamin K used for?
Proper blood clotting
Deficiency leads to bleeding issues
What is Vitamin A used for?
Vision and maintenance of epithelium
