Fundimental Ideas In Chemistry Flashcards
Name three types state of matter and describe
Solid- Fixed particles, Cannot be compressed, vibrate
Liquid- Touching, Slide across eachother, cannot be compressed, no fixed shape
Gas- Move freely, Compressed easily, spread out
Why does a pure substance have sharp melting and boiling point and mixture not?
Single substance has sharp melting point
Mixture of substance does not, e,g chocolate melts at 30° and 32° (broad melting point)
What is melting?
When particles in a solid gain heat energy and vibrate more vigorously. Solid changes state and becomes liquid.
What is condensation?
When particles in a gas lose heat energy and move slower. A gas changes state and becomes liquid.
What is freezing?
When particles in a liquid lose heat energy, move less quickly. A liquid changes state and becomes solid.
What is the relative charge and mass of an electron
Relative charge is -1
Relalive mass is small (0.0008)
What is the relative charge and mass of protons?
Relative charge is +1
Relative mass is 1
What is the relative charge and mass of nuetrons?
Nuetrons relative charge is 0
Nuetrons relative mass is 0
What is the mass number?
Number on the top
Protons + nuetrons
What is the atomic number?
Number on the bottem
Protons and electrons
What is a group?
Column, numbers on the top of periodic table
1-7 with 0 on end
What is a period?
Row,go across periodic table- 7 periods incuding hydrogen and helium
What is the 2,8,8 structure?
First ring of electrons only have max 2, the rest have max 8
What is an element?
A substance made of 1 type of atom that cannot be broken down into any other substance
What is a compound?
A pure substance that is made from one or more elements chemically bonded togther, making it very difficult to separate them
