Genetics And Inhertitance

Question 1

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 1

contains all info needed to make an organism
Holds instructions for growth and development for every living thing
Each gene comtaims instructions for a characteristic
It is made up of 2 strands
Strands joined togther by DNA bases
Twisted together and form double-helix shape

Question 2

Where is DNA found in cell

Answer 2

DNA is found in the nuclues of cell

Question 3

Define the the term gene:

Answer 3

Genes are small sections of a chromosome that hold the genetic code for particular characteristic

Question 4

What is meant by an allele

Answer 4

An allele is a pair of genes that relate to a characteristic, that can be different or the same. You inhert one gene from one parent and one from the other.
A PAIR OF GENES ARE CALLED AN ALLELE

Question 5

What is the defenition Variation within a species may be due to genetics or environment factors

Answer 5

The pressence of deifferences betweennliving things of the same species is variation

Question 6

Describe the differences between dominant and recessive alleles

Answer 6

Dominant allele- only need 1 copy of the allele for the characteristic tobe expressed in the organism (BB)
Recessive allele- need 2 copies of the allele for the characteristic to be expressed in the organism (bb)

Question 7

Distiguish between homozygous and hetrozygous alleles

Answer 7

Homozygous alleles are the same for the characteristic (BB or bb)
Hetrozygous alleles are both different for the characteristic (Bb)

Question 8

What do genotype and phenotype mean?

Answer 8

Genotype- alleles that an organism has for a particular characteristic
Phenotype- the visible characteristic of an organism

Question 9

What is a genetically inherited disorder and how inherited

Answer 9

Genetically inherited disorders are conditions passed from parents to their offspring in their genes

Question 10

What is meant by selective breeding?

Answer 10

Selective breeding is choosingthe animal or plant that raise their characteristics

Question 11

What are the stages of selective breeding?

Answer 11

1)Decide characteristic(s) of species is most important
2) Select parents that show high levels of the characteristic
3) breed individuals
4) select best offspring and breed again
5)repeat for generations

Question 12

What are disadvantages of selective breeding

Answer 12

Disadvantages:
Reduces number of genes from species
Reduces variation within species

Question 13

What is meant by genetic engeneering?

Answer 13

Scientists now alter an organisms genes to produce an organism with desired characteristics

Question 14

What does GMO stand for?

Answer 14

Genetically Modified Organsim

Question 15

Describe the process of genetically engineering an organsim

Answer 15

1) Take genes from another organism that show characteristic.
2) Put into plant or animal cells at very early stage of development
3) As organism develops, display the characteristics of foreign genes.

Question 16

Advangtages and disadvatages of genetic engineering

Answer 16

Advantage- Guaranteed to make a change, many changes positive, creating more and healthier foods
Disadvantage- Some changes negative and unexpected. Many plants more tolerant to drought might also make plant become less tolerant to direct sunlight

Question 17

Describe what is meant by a clone

Answer 17

A clone is an organism genetically identical to its parent. Means that it has same genes as its parent therefore look identical. Can happen naturally or artifically.

Question 18

Process of cloning

Answer 18

1)Obtain mother cells, let mulitiply, stop when have enough
2) Take egg cell from another one, remove nucleus
3) Put both together and join electrically
4) Wait till embryo formed, place into animal and wait.

Question 19

Advantages and disadvanges of cloning

Answer 19

Advantages- plants produce quickly and is cheap, plants are genetically identical so have desired characteristics
Disadvantages- Reduces genes available, increase chance of disease, change plant environment, destroy species