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PHA 550 > Fungal and Protazoa > Flashcards

Fungal and Protazoa Flashcards

1
Q

Antifungal MOI

A

interacts w/ or inhibits the synthesis of ERGOSTEROL (unique to fungal membranes)

targets the cell membrane/cell wall

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2
Q

**Amphotericin B: MOI

A

binds to ergosterol –> leaky pores

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3
Q

Amphotericin B: clinical applications

A 
candidemia
aspergillus
blastomyces
cryptococcus
histoplasma
coccidiodes
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4
Q

**Amphotericin B: ADEs

A

nephrotoxicity

infusion reactions (chills, fever, muscle spasms, hypotension)

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5
Q

**Flucytosine: MOI

A

interferes w/ RNA and DNA synthesis selectively in fungi

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6
Q

Flucytosine: clinical applications

A

cryptococcus

chromoblastomycosis infxn

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7
Q

**Flucytosine: ADEs

A

renal excretions

myelosuppression

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8
Q

Azoles: agents

A 
ketoconazole
fluconazole
itraconazole
posaconazole
voriconazole
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9
Q

**Azoles: MOI

A

inhibits P450 enzymes –> blocking ergosterol synthesis

long term use –>resistance

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10
Q

Azoles: clinical applications

A

asperillosis - voriconazole

blastomycosis - itraconazole, fluconazole

mucormycosis - posaconazole

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11
Q

What form of azoles do we use to treat dermatophytoses?

A

oral/topical

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12
Q

**Azoles: ADEs

A

GI upset
rash

voriconazole

  • visual disturbances
  • pregnancy cat D
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13
Q

**Terbafine: MOI

A

inhibits epoxidation of squalene

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14
Q

Terbafine: clinical applications

A

mucocutaneous fungal infections
-accumulates in keratin

used for toenail infections

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15
Q

**Terbafine: ADEs

A

GI upset

HA

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16
Q

What is the MC drug of 1st choice?
What is the exception?
What is the 2nd line?

A

1st choice: Amphotericin B

Exception: voriconazole for Aspergillus

2nd choice: azoles

17
Q

What is a unique ADE of voriconazole?

A

rash, photosensitivity (vori-malignancy)

  • visual disturbances
  • pregnancy cat D
18
Q

What is a common ADE for systemic antifungal agents?

A

inc hepatic transaminases

19
Q

What diseases are caused by protozoa?

A

malaria
giardia
trichomoniasis

20
Q

What are the antimalarial drugs?

A

mefloquine
chloroquine
proguanil w/ atovaquone
doxycycline

21
Q

**Antimalarial Agents: MOI

A

kill/inhibit growth/life cycle

used to treat AND prevent

22
Q

What determines the choice of antimalarial drug?

A

destination (where you are traveling to)

23
Q

**What is the first line treatment for systemic fungal infections?

A

maybe?

Amphotericin B

Except Voriconazole w/ Aspergillus

24
Q

**What is the first line treatment for mucocutaneous fungal infections?

A

Terbinafine

25
Q

**What is the first line treatment for malaria?

A

i think it is CHLOROQUINE but she didnt specifically say

mefloquine
chloroquine
proquanil w/ atovaquone
doxycycline

26
Q

**What is the first line treatment for lice and scabies?

A

maybe PERMETHRIN but who really knows

27
Q

Which azole is eliminated in urine unchanged?

A

fluconazole

28
Q

*What resource would you use to determine which drugs to use for the prevention of malaria in travelers?

A

the CDC website

29
Q

**Mefloquine: ADEs, precautions

A 
n/v
dyspepsia
abdominal pain
diarrhea
dizziness, ha
INSOMNIA, VIVID DREAMS

caution in pts w/:

  • epilepsy, seizures
  • depression, other mental health problems
  • severe heart or liver problems
30
Q

**Chloroquine: ADEs, precautions

A 
GI disturbance
HA
hypotension
convulsions
visual disturbances
depigmentation/hair loss
rash, pruritus

caution in pts w/:

  • neurologic disorders
  • myasthenia gravis
  • G6PD deficiency
  • liver and renal problems
31
Q

**Proguanil w/ Atovaquone: ADEs, precautions

A 
n/v
abdominal pain
diarrhea
ha, dizziness
insomnia, abnormal dreams
DEPRESSION
rash

contraindications:

  • pregnant/breastfeeding women
  • severe kidney problems
32
Q

**Doxycycline: ADEs, precautions

A

n/v/d
yellow teeth and disfigurement

  • not for pregnant/breastfeeding women and children <8yo
  • avoid taking w/ antacids, milk, Ca or Mg salts
  • photosensitivity may occur

PHA 550 (26 decks)

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