HIV

Question 1

CCRS Antagonist (CA): MOI

Answer 1

block CCR5 corereceptors on the surface of certain immune cells that HIV needs to enter the cells

Question 2

Fusion Inhibitor (FI): MOI

Answer 2

blocks HIV from entering the CD4 cells of immune system

Question 3

Integrase Inhibitor (INSTI): MOI

Answer 3

blocks the HIV integrase

**integrase: enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself

Question 4

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI): MOI

Answer 4

binds to and later alters reverse transcriptase

**reverse transcriptase: enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself

Question 5

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI): MOI

Answer 5

blocks reverse transcriptase

**reverse transcriptase: enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself

Question 6

Pharmacokinetic Enhancer (PE): MOI

Answer 6

inc the effectiveness of another HIV med

Question 7

Protease Inhibitor (PI): MOI

Answer 7

blocks HIV protease

**protease: enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself

Question 8

Post Attachment Inhibitor (PAI): MOI

Answer 8

block CD4 receptors on the surface of certain immune cells that HIV needs to enter the cells

Question 9

NRTIs: agents

Answer 9

abacavir (ABC)
emtricitabine (FTC)
lamivudine (3TC)
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF, TDF)
zidovudine (AZT, ZDV)

Question 10

NNRTIs: agents

Answer 10

doravirine (DOR)
efavirenz (EFV)
etravirine (ETR)
nevirapine (NVP)
rilpivirine (RPV)

Question 11

PIs: agents

Answer 11

atazanavir (ATV)
darunavir (DRV)
fosamprenavir (FOS-APV, FPV)
ritonavir (used as a PE)
saquinavir
tipranavir

Question 12

FIs: agents

Answer 12

enfuvirtide (T20)

Question 13

CAs: agents

Answer 13

maraviroc (MVC)

Question 14

INSTIs: agents

Answer 14

dolutegravir (DTG)

raltegravir (RAL)

Question 15

PAIs: agents

Answer 15

ibalizumab uiyk (IBA, TMB 355, TNX 355)

Question 16

PEs: agents

Answer 16

cobicistat (COBI)

ritonavir is a PI that is used as a PE

Question 17

What is the hallmark of an untreated HIV infection?

Answer 17

profound CD4 T lymphocyte depletion

severe immunosuppression

Question 18

What is the initial treatment regimen for HIV?

Answer 18

min of 3 active antiretroviral agents from at least 2 drug classes

2 NRTIs
+
INSTI or PI+PE

Question 19

What are the SHORT TERM ADEs for HIV medications?

Answer 19

fatigue
N/V/D
HA
fever
muscle pain
occasional dizziness
insomnia

Question 20

What are the LONG TERM ADEs for HIV medications?

Answer 20

lipodystrophy
HLD
osteoporosis
nephrotoxicity
hepatotoxicity
cardiovascular - HLD
diabetes/insulin resistance
peripheral neuropathy
mental health effects (insomnia, depression, thoughts of suicide)

Question 21

Opportunistic Infection Primary Prophylaxis: P JIROVECII: preferred agent

Answer 21

TMP SMX

Question 22

Opportunistic Infection Primary Prophylaxis: TOXOPLASMOSIS: preferred agent

Answer 22

TMP SMX

Question 23

Opportunistic Infection Primary Prophylaxis: M AVIUM: preferred agent

Answer 23

azithromycin

Question 24

Opportunistic Infection Secondary Prophylaxis: M TUBERCULOSIS: preferred agent

Answer 24

isoniazid

Question 25

Opportunistic Infection Secondary Prophylaxis: CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: preferred agent

Answer 25

fluconazole

Question 26

Opportunistic Infection Secondary Prophylaxis: COCCIDOMYCOSIS: preferred agent

Answer 26

fluconazole or itraconazole

Question 27

Opportunistic Infection Secondary Prophylaxis: CMV: preferred agent

Answer 27

ganciclovir

Question 28

PrEP:
What is it?
Who is it indicated for?
When does it reach max protection?

Answer 28

pre exposure prophylaxis
Truvada (tenofovir+emtricitabine)

indicated for pts at very high risk for HIV

max protection:
receptive anal sex - 7d
receptive vaginal sex, IVDU - 20d

Question 29

What are the initial steps for sharps emergency?

Answer 29

wash w/ soap + water
flush with water
irrigate 
report incident
immediately seek medical attention

Question 30

What is the treatment regiment for occupational HIV post exposure prophylaxis?

Answer 30

truvada + raltegravir 1 PO QD for 28d