Fungal Infections

Question 1

What type of cells are fungi

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells

Question 2

What does the cell wall of fungi contain

Answer 2

Chitin

Glucans

Question 3

What does the membrane of fungi contain

Answer 3

Ergosterol

Question 4

What are examples of dermatophyte (tinea) infections

Answer 4

Tinea pedis

Tina corpus

Question 5

What is tinea pedis

Answer 5

Atheletes foot

Question 6

What is tinea corpus

Answer 6

Ring worms

Question 7

What is the treatment of tinea infections

Answer 7

Topical terbinafine
Ketoconazole
Clotrimazole

Question 8

What is the most most significant/common candida

Answer 8

Candida albicans

Question 9

What infections does candida albicans cause

Answer 9

Oral thrush
Vaginal thrush
Invasive candidiasis

Question 10

Which group of people are likely to get oral thrush

Answer 10

Immunocompromised
Denture weared
Inhaled steroids

Question 11

What are the symptoms of oral thrush

Answer 11

Painful mouth
White plaques
Inflamed mucosa
Painful swallowing

Question 12

What is the treatment of oral thrush

Answer 12

Nystatin mouth wash
Clotrimazole
Miconazole
Fluocanozole (oral)

Question 13

What group of people is vaginal thrush common in

Answer 13

Increased ostreogen use
Antibitoics use
Steroids
Diabetes

Question 14

What are the symptoms of vaginal thrush

Answer 14

Vulva itching
Soreness
Discharge- whtie and thick
Dysuria

Question 15

What is the treatment of vaginal thrush

Answer 15

Clotrimazole cream

Oral fluconozole

Question 16

What group of people does invasive candidiasis occur in

Answer 16

People with mucosal breaks e.g central line

Immunosupressed (neutropenic, septic)

Question 17

Which candida is common in invasive candiasis

Answer 17

Non albicans candida

Question 18

What can the invasive candidiasis affect

Answer 18

Spleen
Heart
Kidneys 
Eyes
Skin

Question 19

How is the diagnosis of invasive candidasis made

Answer 19

Blood or tissue culture
Beta d glucan
PCR

Question 20

What is the treatment of invasive candidiassis by

Answer 20

Echinocandin
Fluconazole
Amphotericin b

Question 21

What is cryptococosis

Answer 21

Yeast

Question 22

How does cyrotococcosis infect

Answer 22

People can breath it into the lungs where macrophages usually kill it but when people have impaired immunity it can spread to cause pneumonia and cryptococcal meningitis

Question 23

Name a spore forming mould

Answer 23

Aspergillus

Question 24

How does aspergillus infect

Answer 24

By inhalation

Question 25

What disease can aspergillus cause

Answer 25

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis Invasive aspergillosis

Question 26

What is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Answer 26

Hypersensitivity airway reaction seen in asthma or cystic fibrosis

Question 27

What are the symptoms of ABPA

Answer 27

Asthma exacerbation Brown mucous plugs Haemoptysis

Question 28

How do we diagnose ABPA

Answer 28

Radiology | Immunology: raised total IGE, positive aspergillus IGE and eosinophillia

Question 29

What is the treatment of ABPA

Answer 29

Prednisolone

Question 30

What is chornic pulmonary aspergillosis

Answer 30

Infection of the lung tissue by aspergillus which shows slow progressve noldule formation, cavitation and fibrosis

Question 31

What people can chronic pulmonary aspergillosis occur in

Answer 31

People with COPD TB I.e immune competent but with chronic lung disease

Question 32

What are the symptoms of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

Answer 32

Weight loss Cough SOB Haemoptysis

Question 33

What is the diagnosis if chronic pulmonary aspergillus by

Answer 33

Radiology | Microbiology: isolation of aspergills or aspergillus igg in serum

Question 34

What is the treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillus

Answer 34

Itraxonazole Surgery Embolization

Question 35

What does invasive aspergillus occur in

Answer 35

People who have transplant and there is no neutrophils so aspergillus invades

Question 36

What is the diagnossis of invasive aspergillus by

Answer 36

``` Histopathology Culture Galactomannan serum Beta d glucan Pcr test ```

Question 37

What is the treatment of invasive aspergillus

Answer 37

Voriconazole | Amphotericin

Question 38

What is the type of fungi of mucomycosis

Answer 38

Mould

Question 39

Who does mucormycosis usually affect

Answer 39

People with: Haemotological malignancy High dose steroids DKA

Question 40

What type of infection does mucormycosis present with

Answer 40

Rhino-orbital cerebral and pulmonary infections

Question 41

What is the treatment of mucormycosis by

Answer 41

Radical surgery | Amphotericin b

Question 42

Name the group of antifungal drugs that can be used to treat fungal infection

Answer 42

Amphotericin b Azoles Echonocandins Flucytosine

Question 43

What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin b

Answer 43

Binds to egosterol and forms pores in the cell membrane

Question 44

What is the mechanism of aciton of azole

Answer 44

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis and damages the cell fungal membrane

Question 45

What are the mechanism of action of echinocandins

Answer 45

Non competitive inhibitors of 1,3 beta d glucan in the cell wall and affect the cell wall cross linking by reducing it and weakening the cell wall

Question 46

What is the mechanism of action of flucytosine

Answer 46

Interferes with dna and protein synthesis (developed as potential tumout agent)