Gastrointestinal Infections Flashcards by selcan icli

What are the common symptoms of GI infections

Abdominal pain or cramping
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Fever

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What are the 2 main sources of organism for GI infections

Exogenous

Endogenous

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What are the endogenous organisms

Organims in the system that are already in th GIT, if we disrupt it we can lose the balance of the organism

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What are exogenous organism

Foreign organims that we introduce to the system that already was not there

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How can we alter the gut microflora

Immunosuppresion e.g chemotherapy, steroids, antibiotics

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What are the common gut flora

Anaerobes
Gram negative organism
Gram positive organism
Fungi

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What are a group of gram negative organism

Enterobacteraeciae

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Examples of enterobacteraeciae

E.coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

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What are the bacterias that can affect us (exogenous organism)

Campylobacter
Salmonella
Vibrio 
Stap enterotoxin 
Clostridium perfringens

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What are the viruses that can affect us (exogenous organism)

Rotavirus

Norovirus

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What are the parasites that can affect us (exogenous organism)

Giardia

Worms

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If you have oseophagitis what can this present as

Difficulty swallowing

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If there is gastritis due to h.pylori what can it present as

Cramping and pain

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If there is hepatits and abscess what can this present as

Jaundice and pain

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If there is cholangitis what can this present as

Right upper quadrant pain

Jaundice

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If there is pancreatitis what can this present as

Pain

Shock

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If there is enteritis what can this present as

Watery diarrhoea

Shock

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If there is peritonitis what can this present as

Pain

Shock

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What is the definition of diarrhoea

Inflammaiton of the intestine
Intestine is not absoribing water from the stool
It is watery/loose stools (type5-7) that occurs at least 3time a day

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How do we rate the types of the stools

Bristol stool chart

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What is gastro-enteritis

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

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What can oesophagitis be caused by

CMV (cytomegalovirus)

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What will oseophagitis show on endoscopyy

Ulcers

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What will the biopsy for oesophagitis show

Inclusion bodies (owl eyes) which are viral replication

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What is the treatment for oesophagitis

``` Reduce immunosuprresion Give ganciclovir (antiviral for CMV) ```

What is thrus/candiasis caused by

Overgrowth of candida albicans

Where is candida albicans usually found

In the gut flora

How do we treat thrush

Anti fungals called flucanazole

What is gastritis caused by

Helicobacter pylori

What can gastritic lead to

Stomach or duondeum ulcers

What is the diagnostic test for gastritis

Urea breath test | Rapid urease test (CLO) test

What can untreated h.pylori lead to

Stomach cancer | Gastric MALT lymphoma

What is the treatment of gastritis

Proton pump inhibitor Clarithromycin (antibiotics) Amoxicillin or metrodidaxole (if allergic to penicillin)

What type of diarrhoe does the small intestine present with

Watery diarrhoea

What type of diarrhoea does the large intestine present with

Bloody diarrhoea

What are the 2 main ways bacteria can cause diarrhoea

1. Toxin production by the bacteria (enterotoxin) | 2. Direct damage to the intestine that causes bloody diarrhoea

Which organism produce enterotoxin

``` Staph aureus Clostridum perfringens Clostridioides difficile Bacillus cereus Vibrio cholera ```

What type of bacteria is staph aurues

Gram positive cocci

How do we get staph aureus

Contaminated food by skin, or undercooked food

What onsent does staph aurues have

Rapid

What type of bacteria is clostridum perfringens

Gram positive bacilli

Where do we get clostridum perfringens from

Contaminated food

What is the symptoms of clostridium perfringens

Explosive diarrhoea | Cramping

How does c.diff (clostriodes difficile) overgrow

- broad spectrum antibiotics use | - proton pump inhibitor

What are the symptoms of c.diff

Foul smelling diarrhoea Fever Dehydration shock

What does c.diff form

Spores

What are the complication of c.diff toxin production

Toxic megacolon | Bowel perforation

What is the treatment for c.diff if mild

Metronidazole

What is the treatment for c.diff if moderate/severe

Vancomycin

What is the treatment for antibitoics with recurrent c.diff

Fidaxomycin

What are the other treatment methods for c.diff apart from antibitoics

Faecel transplant

What is bacillus cereus associated with

Rice that is not cooked and left at room temperature so spores germinate and produce toxin

What are types of toxin that bacillius cereus produce

Emetic : vomiting within 1-5 hours | Diarrhoeal: diarrhoea within 8-16 hours

What does vibrio cholera present as

Watery diarrhoea

Why does vibrio cholera cause watery diarrhoea

Opens CTFR channel, chloride is secreted into the gut lumen and sodium and water follow

Which bacteria cause direct damage to the mucosa

Salmonella Shigella Campylobacter E.coli

What does salmonella enteritidis present with

Bloody diarhoea | Abdominal pain

What is the source of infection of salmonell enetritidis

Undercooked meat

How is salmonella typhi different to salmonella enteriditis

Salmonella typhi does nto cause gastro enteritis it causes enteric fever It also takes longer to show symptoms

What are the symptoms of salmonella typhi

``` Fever Mylagia Abdominla pain Rash Constipation/diarrhoe/no bowel change ```

What antibiotic is salmonella typhi treated with

Azithromycin

What symptoms does shigella present with

Bloody diarhhoe Abdominal pain Colonic perforation

What are the complications of shigella

Reactive arthritis Haemolytic uraemic syndrome Conjunctivitis

What is camplyobacter jejuni associated with

Undercooked meat Unpasterourised milk Contamined water

What is a complication of campylobacter jejuni

Gullian barre syndrome | Reactive artrhitis

What are the antigens of e.coli

O K H

What does different antigens of e.coli result in

Different stereotypes of e.coli

What is the treatment of e.coli

No treatment because if you give antibiotics you will allow the toxin to come out of the e.coli and become released which makes outcome worse

Whata are the 3 main viral causes of diarrhoea

Rotavirus Norovirus Adenovirus

What is the history period of parastic infection for diarrhoea

Long

What are the types of parasites that can cause diarrhoea

Giardia Worms Shichstosomiasis

How is an acute diarrhoea investigate for infection

Stool sample is sent to microbiology

Gastrointestinal Infections Flashcards

(72 cards)