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Infections > fungal infections > Flashcards

fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean for fungal infections to be opportunistic

A

They thrive when the patients immune system is weak

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2
Q

What are the main types of fungal skin infection

A

candidiasis - yeast like infection and is a uniform commensal of the mouth and the GI tract

tinea - superficial skin infection caused by dermatophytes

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for candida

A

moist areas, skin folds, obesity, recent broad sprectrum antibiotics

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4
Q

What is intertrigo

A

type of candida which occurs in skin folds

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5
Q

What is napkin dermatitis

A

compromised skin barrier due to friction or prolonged contact with urine or faeces

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of genital candidiasis

A

itch
soreness
dysuria
white curd discharge
bright red discharge

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7
Q

How is genital candidiasis (vaginal thrush) diagnosed

A

clinically and vaginal swab

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8
Q

What is teh treatment for genital candidiasis

A

Clotrimazole - topical anti-fungal cream
Oral flucloxacillin 2nd line

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9
Q

What is non-specific balanitis

A

inflammation of glans penis which is caused by bacteria or candida

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10
Q

What is the treatment of non specific balanitis

A

topical clotrimazole

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11
Q

What are risk factors for oral candidiasis

A

old age or young age
broad spectrum antibiotics
inhaled or oral corticosteroids

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of oral candidiasis - oral thrush

A

white or yellow plaques in the mouth
burning feeling
erythema
dysphagia

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13
Q

What is the management of oral candidiasis

A

topical antifungal - nystatin or miconazole gel

Fluconazole if the thrush is further down

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14
Q

What is the treatment for invasive candidiasis

A

IV/Oral antifungals

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15
Q

How is tinea spread

A

Direct or indirect contact with infected animal or person

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16
Q

What is the main risk factor for tinea

A

Sweaty humid environments

17
Q

How does tinia present

A

scaly itch skin
raised annular patches
asymmetrical distribution

18
Q

How is tinea diagnosed

A

clinically or skin scrapings or swab

19
Q

What is the treatment for tinea

A

topical antifungal cream:
Terbinafine
clotrimazole
miconazole

If extensive give oral terbinafine

20
Q

What can terbanifine cause in blood results

A

altered lFTs

21
Q

What is the treatment for nail fungal infection

A

oral terbinafine for 6-12 weeks for fingers and 3-6 months for toenails

22
Q

What is aspergillus

A

type of mould found in soil, dust and bedding

23
Q

How is aspergillus transmitted

A

inhalation of spores

24
Q

Who is at risk of aspergillus

A

People with chronic respiratory conditions or immunosuppressed

25
Q

What are the symptoms of aspergilluosis

A

cough
SOB
wheeze
pyrexia
malaise
headache

26
Q

Who is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis most common in

A

asthma and cystic fibrosis

27
Q

How does allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis present

A

cough for longer than 6 weeks

28
Q

How is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed

A

bloods
sputum culture
positive skin test
positive serology
xray of chest and CT

29
Q

What is the treatment for aspergillosis

A

Oral long term high dose oral prednisolone as well as antifungal - itraconazole

30
Q

How does chronic pulmonary aspergillosis present

A

cough for more than 3 months
exacerbation not responding to antibiotics

31
Q

What is the treatment for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

A

oral anti-fungals

32
Q

What is aspergilloma

A

fungal mass which grows in lung cavities

33
Q

how does a aspergilloma present

A

Haemoptysis - common
cough and fever

34
Q

How is an aspergilloma diagnosed

A

CXR - CT scan

35
Q

What is the treatment for aspergillomas

A

surgical resection and long term antifungals

36
Q

Who is at risk of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A

neutropenic - low WBC
post transplant
defects in phagocytes

37
Q

How does acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis present

A

cough
SOB
fever
haemoptysis
pleuritic chest pain
congestion and sinusitis

38
Q

What is the management of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A

IV antifungals

Infections (13 decks)

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