fungi

Question 1

opisthikonta

Answer 1

eukaryotic supergroup, includes some protists, animals, and fungi

Question 2

how many flagellum did the common ancestor of fungi have?

Answer 2

one

Question 3

how did fungi originate?

Answer 3

from aquatic habitats

Question 4

fungi came from what kind of protist

Answer 4

protists related to amoeboe who feed by engulfing cells

Question 5

distinguishing features for fungi:

Answer 5

rigid chitin walls, osmotrophy, mutualism, loss of flagella, secrete hyphae and fruiting bodies

Question 6

fungal cell walls are enclosed by what

Answer 6

a tough cell wall called chitin

Question 7

chitin

Answer 7

composed of sugar and polymer, prevents phagocytosis

Question 8

how do fungi eat?

Answer 8

on substarate using osmotrophy

Question 9

What makes fungi unique?

Answer 9

mycelium made of hyphae, may be aseptate or septate, fruiting bodies responsible for reproduction, spores by meiosis

Question 10

hyphae:

Answer 10

filaments of mycelium

Question 11

aseptate

Answer 11

not divided

Question 12

septate

Answer 12

divided

Question 13

cytokinesis:

Answer 13

division at the end of mitosis/meiosis

Question 14

aseptate hyphae are….

Answer 14

early diverging

Question 15

are aseptate hyphae divided?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

how are asepate hyphae divided?

Answer 16

nuclei divided with out cytokinesis

Question 17

coenocyte:

Answer 17

a cell with mutiple nuclei, result from nuclear divisions without cytokinesis

Question 18

septate hyphae are…

Answer 18

later diverging

Question 19

do septate hyphae do nuclear divisions?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

septa are what

Answer 20

crosswalls dividing cells of mycelium

Question 21

growth process:

Answer 21

mycelia grow quickly when there is food

Question 22

why is extensive branching good?

Answer 22

because there is more food

Question 23

how do fungi reproduce?

Answer 23

using microscopic spores or asexual clones

Question 24

when is asexual reproduction good

Answer 24

when fungi are well adapted and spread to similar enviornments

Question 25

when is sexual reproduction good?

Answer 25

may allow for colonization of new habitats

Question 26

asexual reproduction is ideal for...

Answer 26

rapid spread

Question 27

do asexual reproduction have fruiting bodies?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

do asexual reproductions involves meiosis?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

how does asexual reproduction work in fungi?

Answer 29

spores grow at the tips of hyphae, reproduce by budding

Question 30

what are asexual fungi known for?

Answer 30

food spoilage, allergies, disesase

Question 31

Sexual reproduction in fungi involves

Answer 31

union of gamete and zygote, and meiosis

Question 32

sexual reproduction in fungi is...

Answer 32

haploid dominant

Question 33

how does sexual reproduction in fungi work?

Answer 33

hyphae branches find each other by peptides and then fuse

Question 34

fruiting bodies

Answer 34

a mated mycelium may produce one, they emerge from substrate

Question 35

what kind of spores do fruiting bodies produce?

Answer 35

haploid spores

Question 36

fungi spores have...

Answer 36

a tough chitin wall in case the environment is stressful

Question 37

how are fungal spores dispersed?

Answer 37

by wind, rain, or animals

Question 38

if the spores find a good habitat they will grow into what

Answer 38

a haploid mycelia

Question 39

are all fruiting bodies edible

Answer 39

some are, others are toxic, some make you trip balls

Question 40

cryptomycota

Answer 40

single cells found in water and soil

Question 41

chytridmycota

Answer 41

live in moist soil or water, some are pathogens, decomposers, or parasites

Question 42

Cryptomycota and chytridmycota are

Answer 42

CCBS

Question 43

MABS have what?

Answer 43

symbiotic relationship with plants, all are decomposers in symbiotic relationships

Question 44

Haploid

Answer 44

when asexual reproduction happens

Question 45

dikaryotic is when

Answer 45

nuclei haven't fused together

Question 46

sexual reproduction is

Answer 46

haploid/diploid

Question 47

mycromycota

Answer 47

mutually beneficial partnerships with plant roots

Question 48

could plants colonize land without fungi?

Answer 48

no

Question 49

ascomycota

Answer 49

hyphae subdivided by septa with simple pores

Question 50

ascomycota produce...

Answer 50

dikaryotic mycelia

Question 51

ascomycota have a

Answer 51

short diploid phase

Question 52

basidomycota

Answer 52

hyphae subdivided by septa with complex pore

Question 53

basidomycota are

Answer 53

important decomposers and symbiosis

Question 54

how do basidomycota reproduce?

Answer 54

hyphae grow out to meet eachother, form dikaryotic cells then unite to make diploid stage, meiosis to form haploid cells

Question 55

Predatory fungi use

Answer 55

specialized hyphae to trap small soil animals

Question 56

fungal plant pathogens"

Answer 56

5,000 species, cause crop disesase

Question 57

how are fungal plant pathogens stopped

Answer 57

by fungicide and protecting importation of infected materials

Question 58

animal pathogens:

Answer 58

negatively affected by fungi, forces increased metabolism

Question 59

fungi are essential...

Answer 59

decomposers

Question 60

fungi release what from organix debris and dead organisms

Answer 60

minerals

Question 61

biotechnology applications of fungi

Answer 61

fuel, food production