protists

Question 1

protists

Answer 1

eukaryotic not classified in plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms

Question 2

are protists closely related to plants, animals, and fungi

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

algae:

Answer 3

photoautotrophs

Question 4

protozoa

Answer 4

heterotrophic

Question 5

fungus-like

Answer 5

resemble fungi in form and use absorptive nutrition

Question 6

habitats of protists:

Answer 6

wet places

Question 7

plankton

Answer 7

swimming or floating protists/bacteria/viruses

Question 8

periphyton:

Answer 8

attached to the cell wall to underwater surface, produce multicellular bodies

Question 9

endosymbiosis

Answer 9

host cell captures bacteria by phagotrophy, bacteria does something like bioluminescence

Question 10

endosymbosis is the evolutionary basis of what

Answer 10

plastids

Question 11

how do protists swim?

Answer 11

using flagella

Question 12

amoeboid movement

Answer 12

using pseudopodia

Question 13

how else do protists move?

Answer 13

gliding on slime

Question 14

Excavata are related to

Answer 14

some of Earth’s earliest eukaryotes

Question 15

why are excavata named?

Answer 15

for a feeding groove excavated into many cells

Question 16

how do excavata eat?

Answer 16

food particles by phagotrophy

Question 17

endocytosis

Answer 17

engulfing cells of organisms

Question 18

endocytosis is the basis for what?

Answer 18

endosymbosis

Question 19

excavata have what kind of mitochondria?

Answer 19

highly modified

Question 20

can excavata photosynthesis?

Answer 20

some can

Question 21

Plants and relatives include

Answer 21

land plants and algae

Question 22

red algae

Answer 22

most are multicellular macro algae

Question 23

why is red algae red?

Answer 23

due to photosynthetic pigments

Question 24

do red algae have flagella?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

Chlorophyta

Answer 25

diverse in structure

Question 26

where do chlorophyta occur

Answer 26

in fresh and salt water, and on land

Question 27

does red algae and chlorophyta have complex life cycles?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

Plastids:

Answer 28

enclosing surrounded by two membranes

Question 29

how did plastids come to be

Answer 29

primary symbiosis

Question 30

plastids resulted in what

Answer 30

horizontal gene transfer from endosymbiot to host

Question 31

Secondary plastids:

Answer 31

derived from photosynthetic eukaryote

Question 32

where did secondary plastids originate?

Answer 32

from secondary endosymbiosis

Question 33

how does secondary plastids work?

Answer 33

eukaryotic host cell ingests and keeps another cell that already has primary plastids

Question 34

how many envelopes do secondary plastids have

Answer 34

more than two

Question 35

how did endosymbiosis probably come to be?

Answer 35

host captured cyanobacteria, the cyanobacteria helped host photosynthesis

Question 36

cryptomads are

Answer 36

unicellular flagellates

Question 37

what color are cryptomads plastids

Answer 37

red, blue, or brown from secondary photosynthesis

Question 38

Haptophytes

Answer 38

unicellular photosynthesis with secondary plastids

Question 39

Supergroup Alevolta

Answer 39

named for membrane bound vesicles

Question 40

dinozoa

Answer 40

some photosynthesis, some don't

Question 41

Tertiary endosymbiosis

Answer 41

half of dinoflagellates are heterotrophic, others can photosynthesis from 2nd or 3rd endosymbiosis

Question 42

Stramenopila have a wide range of...

Answer 42

algae, protozoa, and fungus

Question 43

stramenopila produce what

Answer 43

flagellated cells at some point

Question 44

why is stramenopila named

Answer 44

for strawlike hairs

Question 45

are stramenopila heterotrophic or photosynthetic

Answer 45

both

Question 46

Rhizaria are

Answer 46

thin, strawlike hair extensions of cytoplasm

Question 47

Amoebozoa

Answer 47

many types of amoeboe use pseudopodia to move

Question 48

Opisthokonta includes

Answer 48

animals and fungi related to protists

Question 49

what is opisthokonta named for

Answer 49

singular posterior flagellum

Question 50

choanoflagellate protists

Answer 50

feature a collar surrounding flagella

Question 51

phagotrophy

Answer 51

heterotrophs that ingest particles

Question 52

osmotrophy

Answer 52

heterotrophs that rely on uptake of small organic particles

Question 53

photoautotrophy

Answer 53

photosynthesis

Question 54

mixotrophy

Answer 54

able to use all 3

Question 55

Extrusomes

Answer 55

spear shaped particles to discourage herbivores

Question 56

bioluminesence:

Answer 56

startles herbivores

Question 57

toxins

Answer 57

disrupt physological functions

Question 58

slimy mucilage

Answer 58

defend against herbivores and pathogens

Question 59

eukaryotes use what to reproduce

Answer 59

gametes and zygotes

Question 60

why are gametes and zygotes adaptive?

Answer 60

due to its diversity

Question 61

Haploid dominant:

Answer 61

most unicellular reproducing protists, haploid develops into a gamete, thick walled diploid zygote

Question 62

Alterations of generations:

Answer 62

many types of multicellular organisms, haploids = gametes, diploid = spores, by meiosis, all cells but gametes are diploid

Question 63

Ciliate reproduction

Answer 63

most complex sexual process

Question 64

macronuclei

Answer 64

source of info + cell production

Question 65

conjugation

Answer 65

cells pair and fuse

Question 66

parasitic protists use...

Answer 66

more than one host, different stages