Fungi

Question 1

mycorrhizae

Answer 1

process: fungus will scavenge for the nutrients needed for a specific seed type
plants that use mycorrhizae have increased growth

Question 2

endophyte

Answer 2

• live inside leaves/plants in symbiotic relationship
• increases plant productivity
• make toxins to defend against herbivores and defend against pathogens
• increases plant tolerance to heat, drought, pollutants

Question 3

lichens

Answer 3

are a symbiotic association of millions of photosynthetic microorganisms held in a mass of fungal hyphae

Question 4

Haustoria

Answer 4

Haustoria: specialized hyphae that can extract nutrients from plant cells
they deliver water/nutrients to plant roots in exchange for sugar from plants

Question 5

fungi
- asexual
-sexual

Answer 5

Asexual: fragmentation where Hyphae break into pieces OR/AND make many spores so it can propagate itself
Sexual: go through plasmogamy which is when two parent mycelia fuse
But can stay in heterokaryon stage for a while where the nuclei from each parent don’t fuse right away but are connected
Days to centuries may pass till karyogamy aka nuclear fusion (where everything completely fuses) will happen producing diploid cells from the parent are haploid

Question 6

what all fungi have in common

Answer 6

• eukaryotes
• all require water and O2
• Cell walls of chiton (or maybe cellulose)
• Heterotrophs
• Reproduce with spores sexually and asexually
• Multicellular, except for unicellular yeast cells
• Grow in moist warm places

Question 7

Mycelium

Answer 7

mycelium: composes what’s called a “mycorrhizal network,” which connects individual plants together to transfer water, nitrogen, carbon and other minerals.