fungi

Question 1

what is mycology?

Answer 1

the study of fungi

Question 2

are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 2

fungi are eukaryotic

Question 3

how many known species are there?

Answer 3

100,000

Question 4

fungi date back to when?

Answer 4

approximately 1 billion

Question 5

what is a mycelium?

Answer 5

A mesh of branched filaments (hyphae)

Question 6

what is the result of the interconnected cytoplasm of the cells?

Answer 6

free nutrient flow between the cells

Question 7

are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Answer 7

fungi are heterotrophic

Question 8

what are saprobes?

Answer 8

nutrients from non-living organic matter

Question 9

what does mutualists mean?

Answer 9

living with other organisms

Question 10

parasites?

Answer 10

nutrients from organic living matter

Question 11

what is saprobic fungal species?

Answer 11

a decomposer of dead organic material

Question 12

what are some examples of parasitic fungi?

Answer 12

rust on a plant and a fungal predator on a roundworm

Question 13

are fungus bodies haploid or diploid

Answer 13

fungus bodies are haploid

Question 14

how can fungi reproduce asexually?

Answer 14

by forming spores through mitosis

Question 15

how can fungi reproduce sexually?

Answer 15

by fusion of haploid cells followed by meiosis

Question 16

are fungus mostly haploid or diploid?

Answer 16

fungus are mostly haploid

Question 17

what is plasmogamy?

Answer 17

the fusion of cytoplasm between two haploid cells

Question 18

what is karyogamy?

Answer 18

the fusion of two nuclei to form two diploid zygote

Question 19

how many myophletic groups are there?

Answer 19

there are five

Question 20

what are the oldest known group of fungi?

Answer 20

chytridiomycota, or chytrids

Question 21

where do chytrids live?

Answer 21

in water on dead organisms or through parasitism

Question 22

chytrids threaten what species?

Answer 22

many frogs!

Question 23

where is zygomycota found?

Answer 23

In soil or decaying organisms

Question 24

what is the asexual reproduction of zygomycota?

Answer 24

reproduction from spores through sporangia

Question 25

what is the sexual reproduction of zygomycota?

Answer 25

hyphae from opposite mating types fuse

Question 26

what are some types of zygomycota?

Answer 26

mold on bread and fungi on fruit and vegetables

Question 27

where do ascomycota live?

Answer 27

In decaying vegetation

Question 28

what is the predominant phase of ascomycota life cycle?

Answer 28

the haploid phase

Question 29

the lifecycle of ascomycota is characterized by what?

Answer 29

the production of asci during the sexual phase

Question 30

what type of fungi form fruit bodies like mushrooms?

Answer 30

basidiomycetes

Question 31

do basidiomycetes reproduce sexually or asexually?

Answer 31

sexually

Question 32

what is dikaryotic mycelium?

Answer 32

mycelium with cells that have two haploid nuclei

Question 33

mycorrhizae live in symbiosis with what?

Answer 33

mycorrhizae live in symbiosis with plant roots

Question 34

how many observed species of glomeromycota are there?

Answer 34

about 230

Question 35

what is the sexual reproduction of deuteromycota?

Answer 35

the sexual reproduction is unknown

Question 36

what is the asexual reproduction of deuteromycota?

Answer 36

reproduction through conidiospores in conidiosphores

Question 37

do members of deuteromycota share a common ancestor?

Answer 37

no, deuteromycota are not a monophyletic clade

Question 38

which types of fungi are mutualists?

Answer 38

mycorrhizae, lichens, and endophytic fungi

Question 39

what does mutualists mean?

Answer 39

interact closely with other organisms

Question 40

mycorrhizae are mutualists with what?

Answer 40

plant roots

Question 41

where do ectomycorrhizae live?

Answer 41

on the outside of roots or cells

Question 42

what do endomycorrhizae do?

Answer 42

they penetrate root cells as arbuscules

Question 43

what nutrients do mycorrhizae uptake when facilitating plant roots?

Answer 43

they facilitate phosphorus and nitrogen

Question 44

what do mycorrhizae get in return when facilitating plant roots?

Answer 44

they get sugars in return

Question 45

the conquest of land by plants would not have been possible without what type of fungi?

Answer 45

the conquest of land by plants would not have been possible without mycorrhizae

Question 46

lichens are sensitive to what?

Answer 46

air pollution

Question 47

lichens are in a mutualistic relationship with what?

Answer 47

with photosynthetic organisms (typically alga, or cyanobacteria)

Question 48

photosynthetic organisms produce food through photosynthesis, and a large part is________?

Answer 48

consumed by lichens!

Question 49

fungus provides what kind of environment for alga, or bacterium?

Answer 49

it provides it with a protective environment

Question 50

lichens are a pioneer species, because?

Answer 50

they live in harsh environments

Question 51

what are the roles of fungi?

Answer 51

recyclers, parasites, and they affect humans in a number of ways

Question 52

what are the roles of fungi as recyclers?

Answer 52

many fungi are saprophytes or saprobes, which means they eat dead organic material and recycle the nutrients

Question 53

what are the roles of fungi as parasites?

Answer 53

they can kill plants and animals

Question 54

how do fungi affect humans?

Answer 54

they can destroy crops, cause diseases, produce toxins, and they also have benefits, like medicine and yeast

Question 55

amanita virosa, also known as the deadly angel, is so dubbed for what reason?

Answer 55

because it's deadly poisonous and the guy that named it was racist

Question 56

what does mycetismus mean?

Answer 56

ingestion of poisonous mushrooms

Question 57

what does mycotoxicosus mean?

Answer 57

poisoning by mushrooms