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Micro block 1 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

Differences between fungi and higher eykaroytes

A
  1. Ergosterol instead of cholesterol in cell membrane

2. Rigid cell wall

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2
Q

Drug types against ergosterol

A
  1. Polyenes (ex amphotericin B)–bind ergosterol
  2. Azoles (ex keotconazole)–interfere with ergosterol synthesis
  3. Allylamines (terbinafine aka Lamisil)–interfere with ergosterol synthesis
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3
Q

Which fungi are natural components of human flora?

A
  1. Candida albicans

2. Malassezia furfur

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4
Q

Which fungi exist(s) only as yeast?

A

Cryptococcus

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5
Q

Which fungi exist(s) only as hyphae/mold?

A

Aspergillus

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6
Q

What are the 2 main morphological forms of fungi?

A
  1. Yeast

2. Hyphae/Mycelium (mold)

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7
Q

Blastoconidia

A

budded cell, asexual

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8
Q

Chlamydoconidia

A

thick-walled single cells, resistant to adverse conditions

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9
Q

Arthroconidia

A

single-celled conidia, formed by disjoining of hyphal cells

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10
Q

Conidiospores

A

Asexual Spores: Macroconidia and Microconidia

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11
Q

Sporangiospores

A

Asexual Spores, formed at end of hyphae

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12
Q

KOH technique

A

Diagnostic Lab test: Use KOH on microscrope slide with fungi. KOH digests all non-fungal material (eg human skin cells) so fungi can be seen

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13
Q

Antifungal targets and types

A

A. Ergosterol

  • Polyenes (ex amphotericin B)
  • Azoles (ex ketaconazole)
  • Allylamides (ex terbinafine)

B. Cell wall synthesis
-Echinocandins (ex caspofungin)

C. Nucleic acid synthesis
-Antimetabolites (ex flucytosine)

D. Disruption of microtubules
-Griseofulvin

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14
Q

Combination therapy

A

Use drugs from 2 different categories to defeat fungi. Danger of antagonism between different antifungals.

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15
Q

Which deadly fungus so far has no good combination therapy?

A

Aspergillosis

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16
Q

Resistance to antifungals:

-Primary vs Secondary resistance?

A
  • primary: resistant to drug w/o prior exposure to drug

- secondary: resistance after prior exposure

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17
Q

Normal immune response to fungal infection?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Innate response
  2. Adaptive response (Th-1 cells)
    No antibody response to fungi
18
Q

List superficial fungi

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Malassezia furfur
  • hortaea (exophiala) weneckii
  • piedraia hortae
  • trichosporon
19
Q

List dermatophytes

Study These Flashcards
A

MET

  • Microsporum
  • Epidermophyton
  • Trichophyton
20
Q

List subcutaneous fungi

Study These Flashcards
A

-Sporothrix

  • Chromoblastomycosis (not in lecture)
  • “spore tricks on thorns” and “chrome robot blasting cauliflowers”
21
Q

List endemic fungi

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Histoplasma
  • Blastoplasma
  • Coccidioides
22
Q

List systemic/opportunisitc fungi

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Candida
  • Aspergillus
  • Cryptococcus
23
Q

Malassezia furfur

Study These Flashcards
A
  • superficial
  • causes Pityriasis versicolor (bright splotches on skin)
  • culture growth requires olive oil
  • tx: topical azoles, selenium sulfide shampoo

-‘spaghetti and meatballs’ made at Malassezia’s Italian restaurant, using his amazing olive oil.

24
Q

Hortaea (Exophiala) werneckii

Study These Flashcards
A
  • superficial
  • causes Tinea Nigra (black skin spots)
  • tx: topical azoles, topical terbinafine (lamisil)
25
Piedraia hortae
- superficial, hair - black piedra ('stones') in hair - tx: topical antifungals, haircut
26
Trichosporon
- superficial, hair - white piedra ('stones') in hair - tx: topical antifungals, haircut
27
Trichophyton
- Dermatophyte - T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes - Causes various tineas. - 'ringworm' "MET"
28
Epidermophyton
- Dermatophyte - Causes various tineas. - 'ringworm' "MET"
29
Microsporum
- Dermatophyte - M. canis, M. audouinii - Causes various tineas. - 'ringworm' "MET"
30
Sporothrix schenckii
- subcutaneous - gardeners get this from thorn pricks -"spore tricks on thorns"
31
List Tineas:
- t. corporis-- body - t. cruris--groin - t. pedis--foot - t. capitis--scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes - t. unguium--nails - t. barbae--beard
32
endothrix, ectothrix
- part of Tinea capitis: scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes. - endo: arthroconidia found inside hair shaft - ecto: found outside hair shaft
33
Wood lamp
- diagnostic for tineas. | - some dermatophytes flouresce distinct color when Wood lamp shined on body.
34
Histoplasma capsulatum - geography - symptoms - source - diagnostic notes
(Histo) - mississippi river - pulmonary infection, disseminate to: pericarditis, fibrosing mediastinitis, blindness - from soil, bird poop - resemble TB on x-ray -Bob Dylan had it, with pericarditis and fibrosing mediastinitis
35
Blastomyces dermatitidis - geography - symptoms - source - diagnostic notes
(Blasto) - mississippi river - pulmonary infection, disseminate to: skin lesions - from soil, dogs? - yeast cell is huge on microscopy
36
Coccidiodies immitis - geography - symptoms - source - diagnostic notes
(Cocci, "Valley Fever") - SW america - pulmonary infection, flu-like syndrome, disseminate to: meningitis - desert soil - common in AIDS
37
2 Most common opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised
1. Candidiasis | 2. Aspergillosis
38
Candida - Fungal disease type - morphology - source - symptoms - diagnostic notes
- Systemic/opportunistic - complex morphology, "pseudohyphae" - part of normal human flora - thrush, vaginitis, diaper rash, AIDS - also common with catheter transfered infections ("candida, catheter")
39
Cryptococcus - Fungal disease type - morphology - source - symptoms - diagnostic notes
- Systemic/opportunistic - Always in yeast form (in a big capsule that conceals cell wall ligands to immune response and is too big to be phagocytized) - pigeon droppings - pulmonary, dissemates to meningitis - common and deadly in AIDS
40
Aspergillus - Fungal disease type - morphology - source - symptoms - diagnostic notes
- Systemic/opportunistic - always in mold form - found everywhere--dust - Colonization of lungs forms "Balls" that obstruct bronchi. Invasive Aspergillosis: invades blood and all organs, very deadly. - Quick diagnosis and aggressive antifungal tx!! - "ASpire ASpergillus to get ASthma"
41
Zygomycosis - Fungal disease type - list pathogens - source - symptoms - diagnostic notes
- Emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens - Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium - found everywhere - pulmonary, then deadly invasion into blood and organs (like Aspergillus) - "breakthrough" infections because they break through antifungal tx

Micro block 1 (3 decks)

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