Fungi

Question 1

Cell membrane of Fungus

Answer 1

Ergosterol

Question 2

Cell wall of fungus

Answer 2

Chitin, Mannan, Glucan

Question 3

Fungi that cause disease (less than 1%) have 2 forms:

Answer 3

Unicellular: Yeast (spherical/ ovoid/ budding)
Multicellular: Mold (branch/ hyphae)

Question 4

Dimorphism

Answer 4

Exists in 2 forms

Question 5

What fungus is the exception of dimorphism

Answer 5

Candida- only in Mold form

Question 6

Mycoses 2 types:

Answer 6

Endemic

Opportunistic

Question 7

Endemic

Answer 7

All disseminated
Restricted geographically
TRUE pathogen

Question 8

Opportunistic

Answer 8

Disseminated and Subcutaneous (rash)

NOT true pathogen

Question 9

Fungi are

Answer 9

Strict Aerobes/ facultative anaerobes

Question 10

Primary mechanism for containing fungal infections

Answer 10

Neutrophil phagocytosis and killing

Question 11

T/F Antibody response in killing some fungi is minor

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/ F T cell mediated immunity is required to eliminate fungal infections

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Fungal entry

Answer 13

Intact skin and mucosal surfaces are primary barriers

Question 14

Histoplasmosis are found:

Answer 14

In soil, in the “Histo belt” Middle SE US

Question 15

Histoplasmosis prevents killing via

Answer 15

1. Modulate high pH

2. Remove growth factors

Question 16

Blastomycosis are found:

Answer 16

In soil, in Mississippi river valley, SE states, Canada, Wisconsin

Question 17

Blastomycosis causes

Answer 17

Skin lesions

Question 18

Coccidoidmycosis also known as

Answer 18

Valley Fever/ Desert rheumatism

Question 19

Coccidoidmycosis are found:

Answer 19

in Lower Sonoran area, Arizona, Southern California, New Mexico, Texas

Question 20

Coccidoidmycosis can cause

Answer 20

Chronic Meningitis

Question 21

What is the most frequent opportunistic fungal pathogen

Answer 21

Candida

Question 22

Pneumocytosis only causes 1 disease

Answer 22

Pneumonia

Question 23

Polyenes target

Answer 23

Ergosterol

Question 24

Azole targets

Answer 24

Ergosterol synthesis

Question 25

Itraconazole takes how many months to work

Answer 25

6-12 Months

Question 26

Reticuloendothelial system infection

Answer 26

From histoplasmosis Organism prevents killing by: Modulating pH, removing growth factors from phagocytic cell

Question 27

T/F Most histoplasma infections produce no/ mild symptoms

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Acute disseminated histoplasmosis:

Answer 28

Cell mediated immune deficiencies such as T cell fxn defects

Question 29

Chronic Disseminated histoplasmosis

Answer 29

In older adults with no obvious immune deficiency. Without Tx, patients die of infection of major organs

Question 30

Disseminated coccidiodiomycosis

Answer 30

Dark skinned individuals, pregnant women, immunocompromised

Question 31

Subcutaneous mycoses: 4 species

Answer 31

1. Candida 2. Cryptococcus neoformans 3. Aspergillosis 4. Mucormycosis- man missing face

Question 32

Candida:

Answer 32

``` Round, oval yeast Budding Hyphae Endogenous Thrush -white lesions ```

Question 33

Cryptococcus Neoformans:

Answer 33

Yeast in soil, bird poop | Produce large polysaccharide capsule- protection

Question 34

C. neoformans can cause:

Answer 34

Meningitis

Question 35

C. Aspergillosus:

Answer 35

``` Outbreak in steroid Ubiquitous Septated Hyphae Inhale into Upper and lower rest tract ANGIOINVASIVE ```

Question 36

Mucormycosis:

Answer 36

Hyphae Rhinocerebral form: diabetes risk - missing face Disseminated mucormycosis: pulmonary lesions

Question 37

Rhinocerebral is from which species

Answer 37

Mucormycosis

Question 38

Dermatophyte

Answer 38

Tinea= worm

Question 39

What is the most common fungal infection

Answer 39

Dermatophyte

Question 40

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Answer 40

Patches with greasy scales in facial hair and scalp

Question 41

Tinea versicolor

Answer 41

Hypo/ hyper pigmented patches

Question 42

Alopecia due to dermatophyte

Answer 42

Patchy hair loss

Question 43

ONLY 1 geophilic

Answer 43

Chromoblastomycosis: wart like lesion on foot

Question 44

Damage of dermatophyte

Answer 44

Centrifugal pattern | Inflamed margin

Question 45

Subcutaneous mycoses: Sporothrix schenchkii= also known as

Answer 45

"Rose growers disease", dimorphic, on vegetation, moss, decaying wood, vegetation

Question 46

Antifungal therapy:

Answer 46

Echinocandins- newest | -Caspofungin and Micafungin