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Cojo's Step Cards, Bugs > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

4 Systemic Mycoses

A

Histo
Blasto
Coccidio
Paracoccidio

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2
Q

Systemic Mycoses Presentation

A

All can cause pneumonia and all can disseminate

Can mimic TB (granuloma formation), but without person-person transmission

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3
Q

Morphology of Systemic Mycoses

A

Mold in cold (20) and yeast in heat (37).

Exception: coccidio is a spherule (not yeast) in heat

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4
Q

Treatment of Systemic Mycoses

A

Fluconazole or itraconazole for local infection

Amphotericin B for systemic infection

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5
Q

Histoplasmosis Epidemiology, Microscopic Finding, and Transmission

A

Systemic mycosis found in Mississippi and Ohio river valley “Histo hides” within macrophages
Found in bird or bat droppings

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6
Q

Blastomycosis Epidemiology, Microscopic Binding, and Complication

A

Systemic mycosis in states east of Mississippi River
“Blasto buds broadly”
Can disseminate to skin and bone

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7
Q

Coccidioidomycosis Epidemiology, Microscopic Findings, and Presentation

A

Systemic mycosis found in southwestern US
Has spherules that are filled with endospores
Causes pneumonia and meningitis that can disseminate to bone and skin
Can also form erythema nodosum and arthralgias

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8
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis Epidemiology and Microscopic Finding

A

Systemic mycosis found in Latin America

“Captain’s wheel” formation

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9
Q

Tinea versicolor Presentation, Treatment, and Microscopic Appearance

A

Caused by Malassezia spp which is on your normal skin flora
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and causes hypopigmented and/or hyperpigmented patches
Occurs in hot, humid weather
Treatment: topical miconazole and selenium sulfide
“Spaghetti and meatball appearance”

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10
Q

3 Dermatophytes

A

Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

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11
Q

Dermatophytic Diseases (5) and Treatment

A 
Tinea pedis (foot)
Tinea cruris (groin)
Tinea corporis (ringworm: on body)
Tinea capitis (head/scalp)
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis, on fingernails)
Treat with terbinafine (topical or oral?)
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12
Q

Dermatophyte Morphology

A

Mold hyphae in KOH prep (not dimorphic)

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13
Q

Candida albicans Presentation

A

Systemic or superficial fungal infection
Usually in immunocompromised
Can cause thrush, vulvovaginitis, diaper rash, endocardiditis (IV drug users), disseminated to any organ, or chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

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14
Q

Candida albicans Treatment

A

Topical azole for vaginal
Fluconazole or caspofungin for oral/esophageal
Fluconazole, amphotericin B, or caspofungin for systemic.

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15
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus Presentation

A 
Invasive aspergillosis (especially in immunocrompromised). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (associated with asthma and CF)
Aspergillomas in lung cavities (especially after TB infection)
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16
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus Morphology and Toxins

A

Mold only

Some produce aflatoxins which are associated with HCC

17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans Presentation

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

Pulmonary infection

18
Q

Crytococcus neoformans Morphology, Transmission, and Microscopic Finding

A

Heavily encapsulated yeast (not dimorphic)
Found in soil and pigeon droppings
Acquired through inhalation
“Soap bubble” lesions in brain

19
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus Presentation, Morphology, and Treatment

A

Mucormycosis (disease mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients): fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess ketones and glucose, penetrates cribiform plate, and enter sbrain causing frontal lobe abscesses
Mold (not dimorphic)
Treat with amphotericin B.

20
Q

Pneumocystic jirovecii Presentation, Morphology, Transmission, and Treatment

A

Pneumocystic pneumonia (most are asymptomatic, but immunosuppression predisposes to disease)
Yeast (not dimorphic)
Inhaled
Treatment: TMP-SMX (and other random drugs).

21
Q

Sporothrix schenckii Presentation, Morphology, and Transmission

A

Sporotrichosis (local pustule or ulcers)
Dimorphic, cigar shaped budding yeast
Spores traumatically introduced into the skin by a thorn (lives on vegetation)

22
Q

Candida albicans morphology

A

Dimorphic (opposite from systemic mycoses)

Budding yeast form “germ tubes”

23
Q

Candida albicans morphology

A

Dimorphic (opposite from systemic mycoses)

24
Q

Candida albicans presentation

A

Systemic or superficial fungal infection. Usually in immunocrompromised. Can cause thrush, vulvovaginitis, diaper rash, endocardiditis (IV drug users), disseminated to any organ, or chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

25
Q

Candida albicans treatment

A

Topical azole for vaginal; fluconazole or caspofungin for oral/esophageal; fluconazole, amphotericin B, or caspofungin for systemic.

26
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus presentation

A

Invasive aspergillosis (especially in immunocrompromised). Can also cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (associated with asthma and CF). Can also get aspergillomas in lung cavities, especially after TB infection.

27
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus miscellaneous

A

Mold only. Some produce aflatoxins which are associated with HCC.

28
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans presentation

A

Cryptococcal meningitis. Also pulmonary infection.

29
Q

Crytococcus neoformans other information

A

Heavily encapsulated yeast (not dimorphic). Found in soil and pigeon droppings. Acquired through inhalation. “Soap bubble” lesions in brain.

30
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus

A

Mucormycosis. Disease mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients. Fungi proliferate in blodo vessel walls when there is excess ketones and glucose, penetrate cribiform plate, and enter brain. Frontal lobe abscesses. Just mold (says they’re hyphae)? Treat with amphotericin B.

31
Q

Pneumocystic jirovecii

A

Pneumocystic pneumonia. Yeast. Inhaled. Most are asymptomatic, but immunosuppression predisposes to disease. Treatment: TMP-SMX (and other random drugs).

32
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Sporotrichosis. Dimorphic, cigar shaped budding yeast that lives on vegetation. Spores traumatically introduced into the skin by a thorn and cause local pustule or ulcers.

33
Q

Candida albicans morphology

A

Dimorphic (opposite)

34
Q

Candida albicans morphology

A

Dimorphic (opposite). Budding yeast form “germ tubes” in C. albicans

Cojo's Step Cards, Bugs (14 decks)

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