Worm Parasites Flashcards
Enterobius vermicularis Common Name, Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Pinworm
Intestinal infection causing anal pruritius (scotch tape test)
Fecal-oral transmission
Treated with bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Ascaris lumbricoides Common Name, Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Giant roundworm
Intestinal infection
Fecal-oral (eggs visible in feces under microscope)
Treated with bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Strongyloides stercoralis Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain
Transmitted via larvae in soil penetrating the skin
Treated with ivermectin or albendazole
Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus Common Name, Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Hookworms
Intestinal infection causing anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls
Larvae penetrate skin
Treated with bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Onchocerca volvulus Presentation and Transmission
Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness
Transmitted by the female blackfly bite (black flies, black skin nodules, black sight)
Loa loa Presentation and Transmission
Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
Caused by deer fly, horse fly, mango fly
Wuchereria bancrofti Presentation and Transmission
Causes elephantiasis by blocking lymphatic vessels (takes 9-12 months after bite)
Transmitted from female mosquito
Toxocara canis Presentation and Transmission
Visceral larva migrans
Fecal-oral transmission
Taenia solium Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
If you ingest larvae encysted in undercooked pork you get an intestinal infection treatable by praziquantel
If you ingest eggs you get cysticercosis/nerocystericosis
Treatable by praziquantel with albendazole added for neurocysticercosis
Diphyllobothrium latum Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Vitamin B12 deficiency (tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine) which causes anemia
Transmitted by ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish Treated with praziquantel
Echinococcus granulosus Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Causes hydatid cysts in liver, causing anaphylaxis if antigens released
Transmitted from ingestion of eggs from dog feces
Treated with albendazole
Schistosoma Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation
Chronically can lead to SCC of the bladder
Snails are host and cercariae penetrate skin of humans
Treated with praziquantel
Clonorchis sinensis Presentation, Transmission, and Treatment
Biliary tract inflammation which causes pigmented gallstones associated with cholangiocarcinoma
Treated with praziquantal
Clonorchis sinensis presentation, transmission, and treatment
Biliary tract inflammation which causes pigmented gallstones associated with cholangiocarcinoma
Treated with praziquantal
Nematodes Names
Roundworms
Intestinal: Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm), Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus (hookworms)
Tissue: Onchocerca volvulus, loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, toxocara canis
