Fungi

Question 1

What are single celled eukaryotic fungi that divide by binary fission or budding?

Answer 1

Yeasts

Question 2

What are multicellular fungi that produce mycelia?

Answer 2

Molds

Question 3

Long, branching filaments that form the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium

Answer 3

Hyphae

Question 4

Molds that have walls that divide hyphae into cells are called _____.

Answer 4

Septae

Question 5

What are the sexual spores of phycomycetes?

Answer 5

Free zygotes

Question 6

What is the sac- like structure that encloses the asexual spores of phycomycetes?

Answer 6

sporangium

Question 7

What are the sacs that enclose the sexual spores of ascomycetes called?

Answer 7

Asci

Question 8

Describe the asexual spores of ascomycetes?

Answer 8

They are exogenous and formed at the end of the hyphae

Question 9

A microscopic club-shaped sexual spore-bearing structure of basidiomycetes?

Answer 9

Basidia

Ex: mushrooms, toad stools

Question 10

Deuteromycetes, AKA fungi imperfecti, have no sexual stage and their asexual spores are called ______.

Answer 10

Conidia

Question 11

What are the three systemic mycoses?

Answer 11

• histoplasmosis
• coccidiomycosis
• blastomycosis

Question 12

Histoplasma capsulatum causes what disease?

Answer 12

Histoplasmosis AKA spelunker’s disease

Question 13

Where is histoplasma capsulatum found?

Answer 13

In soil contaminated with bat and bird feces, i.e. caves

Question 14

How is histoplasmosis obtained?

Answer 14

By inhaling spores of histoplasma capsulatum, often found in soil contaminated with bat and bird feces

Question 15

What disease is caused by coccidioides immitis?

Answer 15

Coccidiomycosis AKA valley fever

Question 16

How is valley fever obtained?

Answer 16

Inhaling arthrospore of coccidioides immitis

Question 17

What are the symptoms associated with valley fever?

Answer 17

Most infections are asymptomatic but can have a slight fever

Question 18

What disease does blastomyces dermatitis cause?

Answer 18

Blastomycosis

Question 19

What are the symptoms of blastomycosis?

Answer 19

50% of individuals are asymptomatic but can have flu-like illness with productive cough

Question 20

How is blastomycosis obtained?

Answer 20

By inhaling the spores of blastomyces dermatitis into the lungs, where it is transformed to the yeast form of the microbe

Question 21

What is the treatment for all systemic fungal infections?

Answer 21

Amphotericin B

Question 22

How does amphotericin B treat fungal infections?

Answer 22

It bind to sterols of the primary fungal cell membrane, disrupting the cell and causing lysis

Question 23

Rose handelers disease is caused by what fungi?

Answer 23

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 24

How is sporotrichosis/rose handlers disease obtained?

Answer 24

Fungi enter via skin lesion (such a a prick from a rose bush) and transform to their yeast form. Nodules and skin lesions appear along lymphatic system

Question 25

Dermatophytoses are superficial mycoses/fungal infections. The main genera include:

Answer 25

- trichophyton - microsporum - epidermophyton

Question 26

What class of fungal infections/mycoses are characterized by invasion of dead keratinized tissue such as hair and nails?

Answer 26

Dermatophytoses AKA superficial mycoses

Question 27

Name given to a fungal skin infection that is synonymous with dermatophytoses?

Answer 27

Tinea

Question 28

What superficial mycoses is actually caused by a yeast, not a fungus?

Answer 28

Tinea versicolor

Question 29

What is Wood’s lamp and what is it used for?

Answer 29

lamp that emits ultraviolet light. If there is a yeast infection on the area where the Wood's lamp is illuminating, the area will fluoresce. Normally the skin does not fluoresce, or shine, under ultraviolet light

Question 30

What are the two species of pathogenic yeasts?

Answer 30

Candida albicans | Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 31

How is candidiasis (aka thrush) obtained?

Answer 31

The yeast is part of the normal flora of the mouth, gut and vagina but can become pathogenic when normal condition are altered, such as in depressed immunity or with antibiotic use

Question 32

How is cryptococcosis obtained?

Answer 32

The large encapsulated yeast, cryptococus neoformans enters the host via respiratory route and then spreads to extrapulmonary tissues, especially the brain, causing meningoencephalitis

Question 33

What microbe typically causes an asymptomatic infection of the lungs in early life, remains latent unless the host becomes immune compromised such as in HIV + patients?

Answer 33

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 34

What microbe is not yet established to be a fungus or a Protozoa yet due to antigenic differences in strains derived from various mammalian hosts?

Answer 34

Pneumocystis jiroveci