Fungi Flashcards
(30 cards)
Cryptococcus spp. general + species
- neoformans and gattii
- yeast, dog and cat -> more prevalent in dogs
- oportunistic pathogen
- found in wood hollows and bird poop
- found western United States
- strict aerobe
- inhalation
Cryptococcus spp. Dx, tx, and control
Dx:
- isolation of the pathogen -> impression smear exudate or CSF isolation
- stain w/ India ink; ID for capsule
- capsular polysaccharide antigen detected
Tx:
- itriconazole -> long term
- disenfect w/ lime
Control:
-avoidance? usually seen in chronic infections and immunocompromised animals
Cryptococcus spp. clinical signs
Neuro:
- blindness
- head pressing
- seizures
Ulcerative:
- ulcerative lessions in mucous membranes
- pharynx of cats; occasionally dogs
Ocular:
-eye involvement in dogs -> blindness
Aspergillus spp. general and species
- seen w/ organic matter decaying
- opportunistic
- Dog, horse, cattle, and birds
- facultative anaerobe
- inhalation/ingestion
Aspergillus spp. clinical signs
Keratomycosis:
-usually seen in horses, sometimes dogs
Brooder pneumonia:
-gasping for air, accelerated breathing
Nasal aspergillosis:
- seen in canids
- nasal discharge, pain, ulceration & external depigmentation
Guttural Pouch mycosis:
-seen in horses w/ immunosupresion
-Pneumonia in animals with high levels of exposure.
Aspergillus spp. Dx, Tx, and control
Dx:
- biopsy if possible; ID sample by staining
- no conidia present, just hyphae
- phialoconidia seen in air passage tracts, in tissue septet branching hyphae
- culture on sabarud agar
Tx:
- keratomycosis: tx with antifungal
- dogs: nasal infusion
- surgery for guttural pouch mycosis and keratomycosis for horses
- antifungals not effective
- cull chickens
Control:
-prevent massive exposure
Encephalitozoon spp. everything
- canaliculi
- seen in puppies and rabbits
- dx of exclusion
- no tx; no control; no dx
Encephalitozoon spp. clinical signs
Puppies:
- decrease food intake
- blindness
- depression
- X
Rabbits:
-asymptomatic
Blastomyces spp. general and species
- dermatitis
- obligate aerobe
- dogs; rare cats
- disease seen when ab have not worked
- natural inhabitant of soils
- inhalation
Blastomyces spp. dx, tx, and control + extra info
Dx: -seen as broad base, budding yeast -grown on Saubroud agar + blood agar need to ID both physical forms (changes in organism -from suppurative
Tx:
-itriconazole
Control:
-found within the east coast of USA
Blastomyces spp. clinical signs
Non-specific:
- anorexia
- weight loss
- dyspnea
- ocular disease
- lameness
- skin lessions in dogs; rare cats
Histoplasma spp. general and species
- capsulatum var capsulatum
- usually seen in dogs; possible cats
- natural inhabitant of soil -> higher M w. bird feces
- inhalation
- obligate aerobe
- capsule seen with the staining -> not actual capsule.
- facultative intracellular pathogen of phagocytic cells
- seen in the southern part of the states
Histoplasma spp. clinical signs
-systemic signs Dog: -GI most prominent -ocular and skin involvement seen -enlarge lymph nodes -diarrhea -anemia
Cat:
- dyspnea
- tachypnea
- enlarged lymph nodes
- pneumonia
Histoplasma spp. Dx, Tx, and control
Dx:
- seen inside macrophages cells
- growth on sabouraud dextrose agar -> demonstrate dimorphism
Tx:
-itriconazole
Coccidiod spp. general and species
- dogs, cats, and horses
- immitis/posadasi
- seen in the southernwest cost of the states
- dimorphic fungi -> spherules in vitro and arthroconidae free-living
- inhalation
- obligate aerobe
- natural inhabitant of dirt
- rupture of spherules -. spreads disease (similar to chlamydia) -> endospores inside
Coccidiodes spp. clinical sign
Dogs:
-fever, anorexia, weakness, weight loss, lameness
Horses:
-cough, muscle pain, superficial abscesses
Cats:
-skin lesions, fever, inapetance
Coccidiodes spp. dx, tx, and control
Dx:
- double culture pathogen
- same two plates
- see spherules in tissue specimens
Tx:
- aconazole tx
- long term tx
Control:
-exposed area in the desert
Candida spp. general and species
- (unknown species it affects?)
- albicans
- yeast form
- normal flora of the GI and UGT
- no capsule present
- hyphael present -> invasive; forms pseudo-hyphae
Candida spp. clinical signs
-mastitis and mucosal cutaneous lesions
Candida spp. Dx
- ID pathogen
- requires more ID methods
Dermatophytes spp. general
- All domestic species
- obligate aerobe
- caused dermatophytosis
- free living in environment -> molds, yeast in organism
- arthroconidae form
- spread by contact
- able to use keratin to grow -> enter through breaks of skin
Dermatophytes spp. clinical signs
-Allopecia +/- scaling crust
-Erythema +/- vesicular lessions
-RIng-like lesions -> PATHG
made by inflammatory process form tissue
Dermatophytes spp. types and names
Mycrosporum
- M. nanum -> pigs
- M. canis -> dog
- M. gypseum -> dog, cat, horses
- M. gallinea -> birds
Trichophyton
- T. equinum -> horses
- T. mentagrophytes -> human, dog, horse, and pig
- T. verrucosum -> cow
Dermatophytes spp. Dx, Tx, and control
Dx:
- clinical signs
- Wood’s lamp for M. Canis -> may not be very sensitive
- trychogram
- culture fungal culture -> needs to grow slowly (dermatophyte test medium
- ID by macroconidae
Tx:
- topical antifungals
- possible vaccination…(cattle)
Control: avoid contact -> form of spread
