Further Mechanics Flashcards
(25 cards)
Angular Speed?
The angle an object rotates through per second
Tangential Speed?
Where angular speed is written in terms of linear speed
Angular Speed and Linear Speed Proof?
Linear Velocity = Arc Length / Time
Arc Length = rθ
v = rθ / t
θ/t = linear speed
Angular Speed = v / r
Frequency?
Number of complete oscillations per second
Period?
The time taken for one complete revolution
Centripetal Acceleration?
Objects in a circle have a changing speed since their direction is always changing in this path meaning it has an acceleration directed to the centre which is centripetal acceleration
Constant Speed in circular motion?
This results in the linear velocity always changing but the magnitude of linear velocity staying the same
Centripetal Force?
The force that acts towards the centre of a circle and causes the centripetal acceleration for an object moving in a circle. Without this force the object would travel tangentially away from the circle
Equilibrium in simple harmonic motion?
The midpoint of an objects motion
Restoring Force?
For an object travelling with simple harmonic motion it pushes or pulls an object towards its equilibrium position, accelerating it towards this position where its magnitude is dependent on the displacement. As it moves between this position work is done between kinetic and potential energy with maximum potential at maximum displacement and maximum kinetic at equilibrium
Simple Harmonic Motion?
An oscillation in which the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement from its equilibrium position and is directed towards the equilibrium position
Graphs of Simple Harmonic Motion?
They follow cosine graphs in shape where velocity is 90 degrees out of phase with displacement and acceleration is 180 degrees out of phase with displacement
Cycle of Oscillation?
When maximum positive displacement goes to maximum negative displacement and back again to maximum positive displacement
Frequency and Period in simple harmonic motion?
In simple harmonic motion the frequency and period are independent to the amplitude
Mechanical Energy?
The sum of potential and kinetic energy for an object moving with simple harmonic motion
Simple Harmonic Oscillator?
A system in which acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement from a fixed equilibrium position which it is always directed to. An example of this is a mass attached to a spring
Mass-Spring system experimentally?
Attach a trolley to a spring, pull it to one side by a certain amount and then let it go. The trolley oscillates back and fourth as the spring pushes and pulls in each direction. Measure the period using a data logger connected to a time sensor
Simple Pendulum Experimentally?
Use a simple pendulum attached to an angle sensor. Then use a computer to plot a displacement time graph and read off the period from it
U-tube showing simple harmonic motion?
When at equilibrium the levels on either side are equal. When water is pushed down on one side it will result in the other one rising. When pressure is released the water undergoes simple harmonic motion as the water on each side rise and fall
Free vibrations?
Vibrations which involve no transfer of energy to or from the surroundings
Forced vibrations?
Vibrations produced when there is an external driving force
Resonance?
When the driving frequency approaches the natural frequency the system gains more energy from the driving force so vibrates at maximum amplitude. The phase difference between the driver and oscillator is 90 degrees
Daming?
Forces which make any oscillating system lose energy to its surroundings and minimise the effects of resonance
Critical damping?
Reduces the amplitude in the shortest possible time
