Future Of Water Management

Question 1

What is the main way to water security?

Answer 1

Co-operation and holistic management

Question 2

What are the 2 approaches to water security?

Answer 2

IWRM
political co-ordination

Question 3

What does IWRM stand for?

Answer 3

integrated water resource management

Question 4

What type of approach is the IWRM?

Answer 4

Holistic

Question 5

What does the IWRM require?

Answer 5

All aspects of water are considered not just water resources we store is reservoirs and rivers
Water is managed in a way sustainable for both people and the environment

Question 6

What are the 3 aims of the IWRM?

Answer 6

Environmental quality of the river and its catchment is protected
Water is used with maximum efficiency
Water distributed equitably (everyone gets fair share)

Question 7

When does IWRM work?

Answer 7

At the local level

Question 8

When is the IWRM difficult to do?

Answer 8

When the basin is country sized

Question 9

What would a UK example of IWRM be?

Answer 9

Private water companies must work together to share water
Problem is private companies trying to make a profit so might not want to share resources

Question 10

What are some examples of where IWRM has been unsuccessful?

Answer 10

River Nile
Colorado river basin

Question 11

Where is the source of the Nile?

Answer 11

Ethiopia

Question 12

Which country really rely upon the Nile?

Answer 12

Egypt

Question 13

How much water was there per person in 1960 in Egypt?

Answer 13

2190m*3

Question 14

What % of Ethiopia didn’t have access to electricity?

Answer 14

60%

Question 15

What did Ethiopia do to get more energy?

Answer 15

Built a HEP dam

Question 16

When was the Ethiopian dam finished?

Answer 16

2019

Question 17

What was the problem with Ethiopia building a dam?

Answer 17

Significantly reduced amount of water in Egypt

Question 18

What was the water per person in Egypt after the dam construction?

Answer 18

570m*3

Question 19

what will water person be in Egypt by 2025?

Answer 19

500m*3

Question 20

What is the problem with political co-operation?

Answer 20

Easier said then done

Question 21

What is the aim of political co-operation?

Answer 21

Ensure countries talk to each other about how a shared water resource can be managed to avoid water wars

Question 22

How is political co-operation usually done? (water)

Answer 22

Water sharing treaties

Question 23

what % of water sharing treaties result in conflict?

Answer 23

0.5%

Question 24

Why are most counties happy to sign sharing treaties?

Answer 24

As it prevents the other country form taking there fair share

Question 25

What is a local treaty?

Answer 25

When only 2 countries are involved

Question 26

what is an example of a local treaty?

Answer 26

Indus water treaty

Question 27

Why is the Indus treaty special?

Answer 27

As even countries who are enemies like Pakistan and India have managed to sign a treaty

Question 28

When was the Indus treaty signed?

Answer 28

1960

Question 29

Who signed the Indus treaty?

Answer 29

Pakistan and India

Question 30

Has the Indus treaty been broken?

Answer 30

No although India and Pakistan have had conflicts for other reasons

Question 31

How much water flow did Pakistan get form Indus?

Answer 31

80% of the flow for unrestricted use

Question 32

What did India get from Indus?

Answer 32

Right to use 20% of the river flow
Limited irrigation, fishing and power generation

Question 33

How are any disputes form Indus settled?

Answer 33

Court of arbitration (part of world bank)
Neutral expert used to settle differences

Question 34

What is a global example of a water treaty?

Answer 34

The Helsinki treaty
Helsinki rules on the use of the waters of international rivers

Question 35

What is the Helsinki treaty?

Answer 35

Intergovernmental guideline regulating how rivers and their ground waters that cross boundaries may be used

Question 36

What does the Helsinki treaty state?

Answer 36

Members must use water in a way that is reasonable, sustainable and equitable

Question 37

What are the concerns about the Helsinki treaty?

Answer 37

Will rising climate change and population causes the rules to be broken
NGOS concerned no punishment for breaking rules
Only 40% of worlds rivers covered

Question 38

What will happen if there is a water crisis?

Answer 38

Conflicts possible even wars
Rapid decline of food production as surface and ground water supplies drop- higher food price
Dramatic decline of water in china, central Africa Spain and southern England due to unregulated management requiring imports
Increased use for agriculture and industry especially be newly industrial countries increase consumption

Question 39

What will happen to water consumption if we remain business as usual?

Answer 39

Weak management and focus on profit means IWRM not totally effective
Potential conflicts
overall consumption rises to 50% as same usage pattern continues
Some food security decline in LICs, HICs avert food shortage due to technological strategies

Question 40

What will happen to water usage in we take on sustainable management?

Answer 40

Global consumption stabilises (cost to control demand)
Most disputes solved by negotiation
Use of sustainable farming (smart water Isreal)
Increasing development and research into drought tolerant crops to reduce demand

Question 41

What radial action can be taken to change water usage?

Answer 41

Emphasis on water conservation (limiting shower length Australia)
Strict control of water allocation, especially agriculture, to prevent water crisis (California)
Significant money on water diversion schemes to move water to crisis area
Laws developed to force regions to share water