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Geography > Challenges For Exisitng Superpowers > Flashcards

Challenges For Exisitng Superpowers Flashcards

1
Q

How does a quote by Donald trump show some weakness in America?

A

‘Make America great again’ shows currently not seen to be as great

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2
Q

How have the USA and Europe been affected negatively by the global shift?

A

Have been left in a post-industrial state (deindustrialisation)

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3
Q

What have some areas affected by the global shift been able to do to counter deindustrilisation?

A

Some areas have recovered and formed a specialised tertiary and quaternary industry

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4
Q

What is an example of a country have a specialised sector after the global shift?

A

USA and the movement of industry out of the rust belt and to the west (Silicon Valley)

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5
Q

What problem is endemic in some parts of the UK, Europe and USA? (Global shift)

A

Unemployment especially in:
-Rust belt
-North eastern France
-Midlands/ North of the UK

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6
Q

Where is the US has the quaternary industry grown?

A

Silicon Valley, California
Sun-belt, Arizona

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7
Q

What has created a shift of power in the US?

A

Unemployment and depopulation

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8
Q

What is the shift of power in the US?

A

Old rust belt was a politically powerful region but with little industry and shrinking population power has shifted to the south and west

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9
Q

Why does the rust belt remain disadvantaged?

A

Those in the rust belt and still working in the manufacturing sector are vulnerable to the spending of the rising middle class of the east

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10
Q

How can job loss impact social aspects?

A

Cant afford: gym, nice care, healthy food

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11
Q

How can the local area be affected by job loss? (reinvestment)

A

If people aren’t earning money they they aren’t paying tax leading to the loss of services (parks and safe outdoor spaces)

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12
Q

What is the wider social impact of loss of parks and safe outdoor spaces? (children)

A

children don’t play outside and therefore don’t develop motor skills, social skills- instead they become overweight and isolated

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13
Q

What problem do unemployed families face? (public opinion)

A

Little compassion
Derogatory terms like chav

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14
Q

What does the lack of compassion for unemployed show about superpowers?

A

illustrates that inequality is jus as rife in superpower nations

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15
Q

What countries rise might threaten the US?

A

Mexico
Chile

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16
Q

How might the rise of countries like Mexico and Chile threaten the US?

A

Might cause FDI to move south due to high literacy and degree rates

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17
Q

What are the literacy rates for Mexico and Chile?

A

Mexico-95.1%
Chile- 96.9%

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18
Q

What are the degree rates in Mexico and Chile?

A

Mexico- 23%
Chile-32%

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19
Q

What further education plan did Chile introduce in 2016?

A

30 public and private universities are now free of charge for students belonging to the poorest 50% of the population

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20
Q

What are the degree rates in USA and UK?

A

US- 40%
UK- 34.4%
Not much higher than Chile or Mexico

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21
Q

What was debt in the EU in 2016?

A

£9.7 trillion

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22
Q

What was the UK’s debt in 2016?

A

£1.6 trillion (90% of GDP)

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23
Q

What is the problem with debt in the EU?

A

Drag on economic growth and had lead to austerity measures affecting wages and job opportunities

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24
Q

What is austerity?

A

policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both

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25
Q

What was the national debt of the USA in 2016?

A

$19 trillion

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26
Q

What makes the US less vulnerable to economic recession?

A

The global status of the dollar
Innovative global TNC’s (apple, google, Facebook)

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27
Q

What is the demographic of the EU?(age)

A

ageing fast
2025 20% of EU citizens will be over 65

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28
Q

What is the problem with an ageing population?

A

affects the workforce and increases the burden on pensions

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29
Q

What do projections show for the EU’s population after 2035?

A

It will begin to fall

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30
Q

How is the USA’s population ageing compared to the EU?

A

Less fast but still ageing

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31
Q

How do pension costs tend to be covered in the US?

A

by the individual rather than the government

32
Q

What is the total US population expected to be by 2060?

A

415 million

33
Q

What is the main political problem in the EU?

A

The EU does not sing with one voice
Some want greater unity (France Germany)while some do not (Brexit)

34
Q

What other political issues does the EU face? (East)

A

Relationship with Russia are strained and immigration is a divisive issue

35
Q

What political/ social factor do some regions of the US face?

A

Race relations (make worse by George Floyd incident and resulting BLM protests)

36
Q

What political factor does the US face? (internal, purely political)

A

Deadlock between the Democrats and Republicans

37
Q

What resources challenges does the EU face?

A

Energy security is an issue in the EU as it relies on imported oil & gas, some of which comes from Russia

38
Q

What are the resources challenges in the US?

A

Increasingly energy secure as result of Oil and gas fracking
Water insecurity increasing problem in south west

39
Q

what was youth unemployment in the EU in 2015?

A

22%

40
Q

Where is youth unemployment worst in the EU?

A

Greece and Spain over 45%

41
Q

What is the problem with high youth unemployment in the EU?

A

could spark a ‘lost generation’ of young people and political disaffection

42
Q

How much of the USA’s GDP is Health spending?

A

17%

43
Q

What % of Americans are overweight?

A

74% (30% obese)

44
Q

What is the problem with a high % of the US population being overweight?

A

Adds significantly to healthcare costs

45
Q

What high national expenditure is questioned in some existing powers?

A

Economic cost of maintaining a military that is effective
(Debt and austerity)

46
Q

What are the parts of an effective military for a superpower?

A

Naval
Nuclear
Air power
Intelligence services

47
Q

What is the national defence budget of the UK in 2016?

A

£46billion (5th largest)

48
Q

How long has the nuclear debate been going on for?

A

since 1945

49
Q

What do some argue is the benefit to nuclear weapons?

A

effective deterrent preventing major conflict

50
Q

Who do some believe are the only one who really benefits for nuclear weapons?

A

The US as they are the ones who upgrade and produce them

51
Q

What have many protests about military in the UK been about?

A

Nuclear defence system - TRIDENT

52
Q

Where is the TRIDENT system kept?

A

On submarines as if on land it would be a point of attack

53
Q

What is the name for the submarines that are part of trident?

A

dreadnought fleet

54
Q

What does TRIDENT consist of?

A

4 submarines that can carry 16 missiles, armed with 8 nuclear warheads

55
Q

How much will it cost to upgrade TRIDENT?

A

£100-250billion over next 45yrs

56
Q

Why is air power so important? (Military)

A

This is how most modern wars are fought as it is easier ti target the opposition

57
Q

Why is the air force in the UK not so powerful?

A

research and development means costs can escalate while defence budgets fall

58
Q

What part of a military is becoming more prominent?

A

Drones (UAVs) allows targeting without the risk of losing people which would look bad (reduce want for war)

59
Q

What did Obama say about drones and Pakistan?

A

Drones regularly used to strike militants in Pakistan

60
Q

What is the name of the UK drone?

A

MQ-9 Reaper

61
Q

What budget has significantly increased since 9/11?

A

anti-terrorism

62
Q

What does anti-terrorism involve?

A

ground information
Electronic interception of mobile phones/ social media

63
Q

What is the problem with anti-terrorism?

A

expensive in terms of technology and man power

64
Q

How many terror attacks have the US stopped since 9/11 with anti-terrorism?

A

at least 39

65
Q

How many potential terrorist plots have been foiled in the UK in the last 2 years?

A

at least 10

66
Q

What does the need for anti-terrorism show about the UK and USA?

A

the risk that both countries are constantly under

67
Q

Why is the ability to run a space programme important for a superpower?

A

As it shows they have the technology and financial capability to do so

68
Q

Who was the first country to put a man in space?

A

Russia in 1961

69
Q

Who was the first country to put a man on the moon?

A

USA in1969

70
Q

Why did president Kennedy want the US to beat the USSR in the space race?

A

As if they didnt it would show that communism was better than capitalism

71
Q

How would the US look if the kept falling behind the USSR in space exploration?

A

Not very good as it would hint they dont have the tech, education or money

72
Q

What are the 4 biggest space budgets?

A

USA-$17.6billion
EU-$5.5billion
Russia-$5.6billion
China-$1.3billion

73
Q

What problem are space programmes in western nations facing?

A

Budget cuts whilst Asian nations are begining to lauch cheaper missions

74
Q

How many succeful launches of rockets were there in 2016? (for different countries)

A

US-21
China-19
Russia-18
EU-8
India-7
Japan-3
Isreal-1
N.Korea-1

75
Q

How many unsuccessful launches were there in 2016?

A

US-1
China-1
Russia-1

Geography (103 decks)

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