G&E Questions

Question 1

What are each 4 types of gene interactions

Answer 1

P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
Genetics

Question 2

P generation

Answer 2

The original pair of plants

Question 3

F1 generation

Answer 3

The offspring of parental generation

Question 4

F2 generation

Answer 4

The offspring of the f1 generation

Question 5

Genetics

Answer 5

The scientific study of heredity

Question 6

The 4 types of blood in order of dominace

Answer 6

A
B
AB
O

Question 7

Blood A genotype

Answer 7

AA or AO

Question 8

Blood B genotype

Answer 8

BB or BO

Question 9

Blood AB genotype

Answer 9

AB

Question 10

Blood O genotype

Answer 10

OO

Question 11

What is the significance of Mendes “3:1” and “9:3:3:1” ratios

Answer 11

These ratios show how traits are inherited 3:1 is from a monohybrid cross, 9:3:3:1 is from a dyhybrid cross

Question 12

Why are biologists attempting to develop triploid farmed salmon

Answer 12

To make them sterile so they can’t reproduce if they escape and effect wild populations

Question 13

Identify the 4 major contributions to science and society resulting from the human genome project

Answer 13

Gene mapping - found the locations of all human genes

Disease reaserch - helped identify Genes linked to diseases

Personalized medicine - improved treatments based on genetics

Biotech advancements - supported new genetic tools and technologies

Question 14

What work did gregor Mendel do, and how is it significant to the study of genetics

Answer 14

He studied pea plants and discovered how traits are passed from parents to offspring. He is known as the father of genetics.

Question 15

Explain the difference between a phenotype and genotype.

Answer 15

Phenotype is the physical appearance. Genotype is the genetic makeup.

Question 16

What are two important conclusions that Gregor mendel made

Answer 16

Traits are inherited through genes, and some traits are dominant over others.

Question 17

What is the principle of dominance

Answer 17

One allele can mask the effect of another; the stronger one is dominant.

Question 18

What do the terms heterozygous and homozygous mean

Answer 18

Heterozygous means two different alleles (Aa). Homozygous means two same alleles (AA or aa).

Question 19

What is the law of Segregation

Answer 19

Alleles separate during the formation of gametes.

Question 20

What is the law of Independent Assortment

Answer 20

Genes for different traits are passed independently.

Question 21

What are differences between complete dominance, condom and incomplete dominance

Answer 21

• Complete dominance: one trait fully shows.
• Codominance: both traits show equally.
• Incomplete dominance: traits blend together.

Question 22

How is a test cross useful

Answer 22

It helps find the genotype of an unknown

Question 23

What is the difference between a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross

Answer 23

Monohybrid looks at one trait. Dihybrid looks at two traits.

Question 24

What are polgenic traits

Answer 24

Traits controlled by many genes, like height or skin color.

Question 25

What are sex linked traits and how do they present themselves in humans

Answer 25

Traits on sex chromosomes, like colorblindness, are more common in males.

Question 26

Name the four main types of gene interactions and briefly describe what they are

Answer 26

• Dominance: one allele hides another. • Codominance: both alleles show. • Incomplete dominance: blending. • Polygenic: many genes affect one trait.

Question 27

What is polyploidy

Answer 27

A condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes.

Question 28

What is the human genome project ? How is it beneficial? How can it be contervsial

Answer 28

It mapped all human genes. It helps find disease genes. It's controversial for privacy and ethics.

Question 29

What are three techniques used in genetics today how are they used

Answer 29

• CRISPR: edits genes. • Gel electrophoresis: compares DNA. • PCR: copies DNA quickly.

Question 30

What is cloning? Can it be done on humans

Answer 30

Cloning makes identical organisms. It’s possible, but not done on humans due to ethics.

Question 31

What is the field of forensics

Answer 31

It uses science to solve crimes, often using DNA.

Question 32

What is evolution

Answer 32

Evolution is the change in species over time.

Question 33

Who is charles Darwin? What work did he contribute to the study of evolution

Answer 33

He proposed natural selection and wrote On the Origin of Species.

Question 34

What are the five points of Darwin theory of natural selection elaborate on each point

Answer 34

• Variation: individuals are different. • Overproduction: more offspring are born than survive. • Competition: organisms compete for resources. • Survival of the fittest: best traits survive. • Reproduction: good traits get passed on.

Question 35

• What are the three main types of adaptations? Elaborate on each type.

Answer 35

• Structural: physical traits (e.g. fur). • Behavioral: actions (e.g. migration). • Physiological: body functions (e.g. venom).

Question 36

• What is artificial selection?

Answer 36

Humans breed plants or animals for desired traits. Let me know if you want this turned into a printable study sheet!

Question 37

What is natural selection

Answer 37

It is when the best-adapted organisms survive and reproduce.

Question 38

What is speciation

Answer 38

It is the formation of new species over time.

Question 39

Elaborate on the factors that reproductive isolation can result from

Answer 39

It can result from behavioral, geographic, or temporal barriers.

Question 40

Which principle can be used to predict gene frequencies

Answer 40

The Hardy-Weinberg principle.

Question 41

• What are the five assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theory?

Answer 41

No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, large population, no gene flow.

Question 42

• What is extinction?

Answer 42

is when a species no longer exists.

Question 43

• What is coevolution?

Answer 43

Two species evolve in response to each other.

Question 44

• What is gradualism?

Answer 44

Slow and steady evolution over time.

Question 45

• What is punctuated equilibrium?

Answer 45

Long periods of no change followed by quick changes.

Question 46

• What factors are used to determine evidence of evolution?

Answer 46

Fossils, DNA, anatomy, and embryology

Question 47

• What is the impact of human behavior?

Answer 47

Humans change the environment, which affects evolution and extinction.