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Rando Quizes Neuro > G's Get Degrees Random Cards Imported > Flashcards

G's Get Degrees Random Cards Imported Flashcards

1
Q

Crus Cerebri

A

Loss of motor function of eye- CN III, IV

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2
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

Motor, sensory and orientation to danger

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3
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Hearing loss CN 8 damaged - lateral lemniscus

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4
Q

Posterior cerebral artery(branch of basilar artery)

A

Ipsilateral side - CN 3

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5
Q

Pons -

A

cardiovascular, breathing control, acoustic, vestibular orientation

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6
Q

Facial colliculus(Caudomedial pontine floor)

A

Facial muscle, eye muscle problems (CN 6 & 7)

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7
Q

Vestibular Schwannoma- tumor in cerebellopontine angle

A

CN 7 & 8 function

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8
Q

Basilar artery

A

Locked in syndrome

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9
Q

Pneumotaxic center

A

Maintenance of normal breathing pattern

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10
Q

Medulla

A

expiration, inspiration, vasomotor , swallowing,vomiting

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11
Q

Pyramids

A

Motor function - weakness

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12
Q

Rostral ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) - Pressor Area(Glutaminergic)

A

Loss of control of BP

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13
Q

Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla (CVLM)-Depressor Area(GABAergic)

A

Decrease in ADH release and inc in BP _ Dehydration

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14
Q

Ventromedial Medulla (raphe nuclei)

A

Dec regulation of temperature,pain, respiration. Lose sympathetic output and constriction of cutaneous blood vessels.

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15
Q

Nucleus Tractus Solitarius

A

Hypertension _ cardiac damage, pulmonary edema _ death

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16
Q

Nucleus Ambiguus

A

Loss of parasympathetic/visceral response to decrease BP

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17
Q

Dorsal Respiratory group(DRG)

A

Periodic activation during inspiration, feedback from lung

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18
Q

Ventral respiratory group(VRG)

A

Respiratory rhythm generation decreases

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19
Q

Pre-Botzinger complex in medulla

A

Respiratory rhythm generator

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20
Q

Phrenic Nucleus

A

Diaphragmatic contraction

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21
Q

Internal capsule (corticospinal tract) - projection tract

A

Opposite side motor function is weak

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22
Q

Cerebellum-

A

compares motor output with the sensory feedback. Coordinated and steady movement

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23
Q

Cerebellum - Flocculus(CN 8)

A

Uncoordinated, unsteady movement

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24
Q

Lateral cerebellum

A

Fine precise control of movements of fingers

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25
Q

Medial cerebellum (vermis)

A

Up and down movements - control of trunks and limbs

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26
Q

Tonsil herniation

A

Brain herniates through the foramen magnum

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27
Q

Vermis herniation

A

Prone to damage medulla

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28
Q

Hypothalamus -

A

integrates endocrine, behavioral info

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29
Q

Posterior Hypothalamus (normal function = Increases body temperature) it_s hot in the back

A

Decreased body temperature

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30
Q

Anterior Hypothalamus(normal function = decreases body temperature)

A

Increased body temperature

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31
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus (normal function = inhibits feeding)

A

obesity

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32
Q

Lateral hypothalamus(normal function = increases feeding)

A

Decreased feeding (inhibitory neuronal link between arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus _ suppresses food consumption _ weight loss)

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33
Q

Pterygoid canal

A

1.ÿÿÿÿ vasodilation (b/c sympathetics is lost (deep petrosal nerve)); ÿÿ no secretion from nasal, palatine, and lacrimal gland; loss of general sense and taste sensation of palate (damaged Greater petrosal- anterior 2/3 tongue gone)

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34
Q

Brain swelling

A

Uncus compresses CN III - dilated pupils, sleepiness

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35
Q

Lenticulo striate artery(branch of MCA)

A

Paralysis of upper body

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36
Q

Corticobulbar tract

A

Loss of motor function of CN

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37
Q

Suprasacral spinal transection(Above T12)

A

Automatic bladder- bladder is filled until a threshold is reached _ reflexing emptying

38
Q

Midsacral afferents (cauda equina)

A

Atonic bladder _ loss of afferents - bladder is filled and leads to urinary retention due to loss of reflexive arc(micturition center) _ urine dribbling

39
Q

Lateral brain- MCA dominant

A

Language deficit(understanding decreases-Wernicke_s and- Broca_s), weak mouth and face

40
Q

Medial brain- ACA dominant in anteromedial

A

ACA- left Leg, foot weakness, loss of voluntary control of bowel and bladder (incontinence)

41
Q

PCA is posteromedial

A

PCA - CN3 - Central vision is preserved but cannot see periphery, amnesia

42
Q

Anterior spinal artery (ventral 2/3rd of spinal cord) - somatosensation

A

Cannot tell pain and temperature(ASA)

43
Q

(Lateral column)

A

Paralysis(lateral column)

44
Q

Posterior spinal artery

A

Dorsal column of the ipsilateral side

45
Q

Herpes

A

Temporal lobe

46
Q

Prolactinoma -pituitary gland tumor

A

Compresses optic chiasm - Decrease in endocrine cells,Optic nerve dysfunction

47
Q

Fornix (connects hippocampus to mamillary body)

A

Amnesia, Korsakoff

48
Q

Dorsal-column medial lemniscal system

A

Detect position, vibration

49
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Pain and temperature

50
Q

Corticospinal(cortical layer V)

A

Voluntary movement -strength decreases

51
Q

Circumventricular organs - Subfornical organs, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis

A

Decreased secretion of ADH, decreased control of regulation of electrolytes

52
Q

Amygdala

A

Decreased emotion and fear response

53
Q

Solitary Nucleus

A

Decreased response to pain,temperature and special afferents(taste) from CN 7,9,10

54
Q

Anterior Paracentral

A

Weakness in contralateral lower extremity

55
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

56
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus(pars operacularis and triangularis)

A

Lose Broca_s speech area

57
Q

Lateral funiculus

A

Weakness in arm and leg

58
Q

Middle meningioma

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

59
Q

Achetylcholine

A

1) Basal forebrain: Basal nucleus of Meynert → cortex, limbic system -involved with Alzheimer’s 2) Dorsolateral pontine tegmental → brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum : motor control of movement

60
Q

Glutamate

A

Ubiquitous (everywhere). a) AMPA/Quisqualate kainate : ionotropic cationic : Na+ influx, K+ efflux b) NMDA : glutamate binds, glycine has to occupy the strychnine-insensitive binding sites - Non-NMDA receptor mediated depolarization - Mg2+ removed → Na+,Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux Aspartate uses same receptor

61
Q

GABA

A
  • Small GABAergic neurons are ubiquitous modulators- Longer GABAergic pathways arise from varied nuclei- Striatum → substantia nigra- Substantia nigra → superior colliculus and thalamus- Medial vestibular nuclei → spinal cord- Cerebellar cortex → deep cerebellar nuclei- GABAa - ionotropic - Cl- passing receptor> benzodiazepines works with GABA(a) to allow Cl > barbiturates can work independently- GABAb - metabotropic: inc K+ efflux and Ca2+ dec influx → axoaxonic → reduce NT release
62
Q

Glycine

A
  • Neurons are small local regulators- Found near spinal and bulbar motor nuclei- Structurally and functionally similar to GABAa receptors - Cl- conducting (ionotropic)- Blocked by strychnine
63
Q

Dopamine

A
  1. Substantia nigra pars compacta → via nigrostriatal pathway → caudate and putamen (motor function) -Parkinson’s affects midbrain 2. Ventral tegmental area situated medial to substantia nigra- Prefrontal cortex (mesocortical pathway) - increase schizophrenia - Nucleus accumbens and limbic structures(mesolimbic pathway) - happy center3. Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus → hypothalamic median eminence for dumping of DA into hypophyseal portal system → inhibits prolactinMetabotropic : D1 like (D1 & D5): excitatory coupled to cAMP1. D2 like (D2, D3, D4) - inhibitory coupling to cAMP
64
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  1. Locus coeruleus → diencephalon, limbic system, cerebral lobes and cerebellum( indicated in depression)2. Other clusters of pontomedullary noradrenergic nuclei project → NTS and spinal targetsMetabotropic : a1 and B1 excitatory1. a2 & b2 inhibitory
65
Q

Serotonin (Nuclei- only one found in brainstem)

A

Array of midline brainstem(raphe)- Mesencephalic and pontine nuclei → thalamus , limbic areas, cortex (Depression - Medullary serotonergic cells → within the medulla and to spinal cordMetabotropic5-Ht1, 5-Ht5 : inhibitory5-Ht2: excitatory5-HT3: excitatory ionotropic (cation -permeable)- 5-HT4, 5-HT6, 5-HT7 : excitatory

66
Q

Buccal Nerve vs. Buccal Branch of Facial Nerve

A

Buccal Nerve comes off V3; Buccal Branch comes off Facial N. ; Buccal Nerve is Sensory; Buccal Branch of Facial is Motor.

67
Q

Three Muscles on Styloid Process:

A

Stylopharyngeus – innervated by Glossopharyngeal N.;Stylohyoid – innervated by Facial N. (remember stylohyoid is associated with Posterior Belly of Digastric M., which is also innervated by Facial N.);Styloglossus – innervated by Hypoglossal N.

68
Q

Superior Laryngeal Nerve: Internal vs. ExternalBranches

A

Internal Branch = sensory;External Branch = Motor (innervates Cricothyroid)

69
Q

Cricothyroid vs. The Rest of LarynxInnervations:

A

Cricothyroid = innervated by External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve.;All other Laryngeal Muscles = innervated by Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.

70
Q

Posterior vs. Anterior Belly of Digastric

A

Posterior Belly = innervated by facial;Anterior Belly = innervated by V3 (Nerve to Mylohyoid, to be exact – remember Anterior Belly is associated with Mylohyoid)

71
Q

Left vs. Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

A

Left = branches off Vagus, then loops around arch of aorta;Right = branches off Vagus, then loops around Right Subclavian Artery

72
Q

Internal vs. External Jugular Veins:

A

Internal = runs deep to Sternocleidomastoid;External = runs superficial to Sternocleidomastoid

73
Q

Internal Jugular V and Internal Carotid A. vs. External Jugular V and External Carotid A

A

Internal = goes straight up into brain;External = goes outside of brain.

74
Q

Stapedius vs. Tensor Tympani:;

A

Facial N. → Stapedius → pulls on Stapes → dampens sounds (from voices);V3 → Tensor Tympani → pulls on malleus (which then pulls on tympanic membrane) → dampens sounds (from chewing).

75
Q

Components of Carotid Sheath:;;

A

Internal Jugular Vein;Common Carotid Artery;Vagus Nerve runs between them.

76
Q

Genioglossus vs. Geniohyoid vs. MylohyoidInnervations:;;

A

Genioglossus = innervated by Hypoglossal N. (XII);Geniohyoid = innervated by C1;Mylohyoid = innervated by V3 (Nerve to Mylohyoid)

77
Q

Cranial Nerves that have Parasympathetic Innervation

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

78
Q

What does the Superior Oblique muscle do?;

A

Its action is to make your eye look down and out;To test to see if the Superior Oblique works, look in and down (note: NOT down and in). Because the “out” action can also be done by lateral rectus, you can’t reliably test for Superior Oblique’s “out” function, and therefore you only test for the Superior Oblique’s “down” function. Because inferior rectus also does the “down” action, you tell the patient to look “in” first before looking “down” because inferior rectus doesn’t work well when the eye is adducted.

79
Q

Innervation of the Tongue:;

A

Anterior 2/3 - general sensation lingual nerve from v3, taste from chorda tympani from facial and motor hypoglossal;post 1/3 - gen sense and taste glossopharnygeal and motor is hypoglossal

80
Q

Larynx Muscles:;;;

A

Only Abductor — Posterior Cricoarytenoid.;Whispering Muscle (doesn’t adduct all the way) — Transverse Arytenoid M.;Lowers pitch — Thyroarytenoid M.;Raises pitch — Cricothyroid M.

81
Q

Glossus Muscles Innverations

A

All “-glossus” muscles are innervated by hypoglossus except palatoglossus, which is innervated by vagus. All the pharynx muscles are vagus except stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by glossopharyngeus.

82
Q

Branches of Facial Nerve;;;;;

A

Please = Posterior Auricular;Tell = Temporal Branch;Ziggy = Zygomatic Branch;Bob = Buccal Branch;Marley = Mandibular Branch;Called = Cervical Branch

83
Q

Cutaneous Branches of V1 (Ophthalmic Nerve):;;;;

A

L = Lacrimal N.;I = Infratrochlear N.;E = Ethmoidal N.;S = Supratrochlear N.;S = Supraorbital N.

84
Q

Cutaneous Branches of V2 (Maxillary Nerve):;;

A

Z = Zygomaticotemporal N.;I = Infraorbital N.;Z = Zygomaticofacial N.

85
Q

Cutaneous Branches of V3 (Mandibular Nerve;;

A

B = Buccal N.;A = Auriculotemporal N.;M = Mental N.

86
Q

Branches of External Carotid Artery, from inferior to superior

A 
o	Some = Superior Thyroid A.
o	Angry = Ascending Pharyngeal A.
o	Lady = Lingual A.
o	Found = Facial A.
o	Out = Occipital A.
o	P = Posterior Auricular A.
o	M = Maxillary A.
o	S = Superficial Temporal A.
87
Q

Drainage to Superior Meatus;

A

P= Posterior Ethmoidal Air Sacs;S = Sphenoidal Sinus

88
Q

Drainage to Middle Meatus;;;

A

F = Frontal Sinus;A = Anterior Ethmoidal Air Sacs;M = Middle Ethmoidal Air Sacs;M = Maxillary Sinus

89
Q

Drinage to Inferior Meatus

A

N = Nasolacrimal Duct

90
Q

Kiesselbach’s Area (Little’s Area) Anastomoses;;;

A

F = Facial Artery (Superior Labial Branch);O = Ophthalmic Artery (Anterior Ethmoidal Branch);M = Maxillary Artery (Greater Palatine Branch);M = Maxillary Artery (Sphenopalatine Branch)

91
Q

Symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome;;;

A

S = Sympathetic Chain impingement;P = Ptosis (drooping eyelid);A = Anhydrosis (dehydration);M = Miosis (pin-point eye)

Rando Quizes Neuro (5 decks)

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