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GA Peritoneal Cavity & Mesenteries Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two layers of peritoneum?

A

Perietal, visceral

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2
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

A

Pain, temperature, and pressure; localized sensation (can pinpoint exact location of sensation)

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3
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

A

stretch and chemical irritation; poorly localized

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4
Q

How do you know which nerves and vessels supply the layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal peritoneum - vessels and nerves are the same as those supplying blood and innervation at the region it is present

Visceral peritoneum - vessels and nerves are the same as those supplying the organs the visceral peritoneum is surrounding.

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5
Q

Difference between the Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum?

A

Parietal peritoneum lines the body wall

Visceral Peritoneum covers the organs

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6
Q

What makes an organ Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal: organ is most completely covered with visceral peritoneum

Retroperitoneal: Organ developed outside peritoneal cavity and is only PARTIALLY covered with peritoneum

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7
Q

Which organs are Retroperitoneal?

A 
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal Glands (adrenal)
Aorta/Inf. Vena Cava
Duodenum (Parts 2,3,4; part 1 is intraperitoneal)
Pancreas (except tail is intraperitoneal)
Ureters
Colon (ascending & descending only)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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8
Q

What is Primary Retroperitoneal, and which organs does it describe?

A

Organs developed on the posterior body wall, they were never suspended in dorsal mesentery.

Kidneys, Ureters, Aorta, Inf. Vena Cava

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9
Q

What is Secondary Retroperitoneal, and which organs does it describe?

A

GI organs that used to be in the mesentery, and then fused to the posterior body wall.

Ascending/Descending Colon, Duodenum (parts 2,3,4), Pancreas

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10
Q

What is the ligament that connects spleen to posterior body wall and what is it formed from?

A

Splenorenal Ligament, formed from the dorsal mesentery

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11
Q

What is the ligament connecting the spleen to the stomach and what is it formed from?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament; dorsal mesentery

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12
Q

What two ligaments together form the Lesser Omentum, and what are they formed from?

A

Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Gastrohepatic ligament

Both are formed from the ventral mesentery

When you hear Lesser Omentum, think LIVER

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13
Q

What Ligament connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall, and what is it formed from?

A

Falciform Ligament; ventral mesentery

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14
Q

What ligaments together make the Greater Omentum?

A

Gastrophrenic Ligament
Gastrosplenic Ligament
Gastrocolic Ligament

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15
Q

What ligament connects the diaphragm and the transverse colon, and what does it do?

A

Phrenicocolic Ligament, supports the Splenic Flexure

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16
Q

What artery runs through the Hepatoduodenal Ligament and what two arteries branch off of it?

A

Proper Hepatic A.

  • Cystic A. (follows cystic duct to gallbladder)
  • Right Gastric A. (goes to stomach)
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17
Q

What arteries run through the Gastrohepatic Ligament

A

Right Gastric A. (which branches off the Proper hepatic A.)

Left Gastric A.

These two arteries form an anastemosis

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18
Q

What mesentery is the Lesser omentum developed from?

A

The Ventral Mesentery

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19
Q

What mesentery is the Greater Omentum developed from?

A

The Dorsal Mesentery

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20
Q

What artery runs through the Gastrophrenic Ligament?

A

Posterior Gastric A.

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21
Q

What arteries run through the Gastrosplenic Ligament?

A

Short Gastric Arteries

Left Gastroomental A.

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22
Q

What arteries run through the Gastrocolic Ligament?

A

Left Gastrooemntal A.
Right Gastroomental A.

These two arteries form an anastemosis

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23
Q

What artery runs through the Splenorenal Ligament?

24
Q

What arteries run through the Transverse Mesocolon?

Study These Flashcards
A

Middle Colic A.

Marginal A.

25
What arteries run through the mesentery (aka mesentery proper)
Ileal A. Jejunal A. Superior Mesenteric A.
26
What artery runs through the Root of the Mesentery?
Ileocolic A. | Root of mesentery connects mesentery to posterior body wall
27
What arteries run through the Sigmoid Mesocolon?
Sigmoid Arteries
28
What three structures make up the portal triad and what is each structures orientation to the others?
Proper Hepatic A. (Anterior, medial) Common Bile Duct (Anterior Lateral) Hepatic Portal V. (Posterior)
29
What is the Epiploic Foramen (omental foramen), and what are the structures that form its borders?
Epiploic foramen (omental foramen) is the opening that separates the Greater Sac and the Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa) Anterior: Hepatoduodenal Ligament (Portal Triad) Posterior: Inf. Vena Cava and the Right Crus of the Diaphragm Superior: Caudate Lobe of the Liver Inferior: 1st part of the Duodenum
30
What Structures are found anterior to the Lesser Sac?
Stomach, Lesser Omentum (Gastrohepatic Ligament, Hepatoduodenal Ligament), Gastrocolic Ligament
31
What structures are found posterior to the Lesser Sac?
Left Kidney, Pancreas, Splenic A/V, Aorta, Inf. Vena Cava, Left Suprarenal Gland
32
What structures are found Superior to the Lesser Sac?
Liver, Diaphragm
33
What structures are found Inferior to the Lesser Sac?
Transverse Mesocolon, 1st part of the duodenum
34
What structures are to the Left of the Lesser Sac?
Spleen, Gastrosplenic Ligament
35
What structures are to the Right of the Lesser Sac?
Epiploic Foramen (opens into the greater sac)
36
What are the 2 subdivisions of the Peritoneal Cavity, and what structure divides them?
Supracolic Compartment and Infracolic Compartment Transverse Mesocolon Separates these two compartments
37
What organs are found in the Supracolic compartment?
Stomach, Liver, and Spleen
38
What organs are found in the Infracolic Compartment?
Small Intesting, Ascending Colon, Descending Colon
39
The Infracolic Compartment is split into two smaller compartments. What are they and what structure divides them?
Right Infracolic Compartment and the Left Infracolic Compartment They are divided by the Root of the Mesentery
40
What do you call the spaces on the lateral sides of the Ascending Colon and the Descending Colon?
Right Paracolic Gutter and Left Paracolic Gutter
41
Which of the Paracolic Gutters is the most narrow, and why is this the case?
The Left Paracolic Gutter is more narrow because of the Phrenocolic Ligament, which connects the Descending Colon to the Diaphragm.
42
What do you call the two most superior spaces in the abdomen and what structure separates the two?
Right Subphrenic Space and the Left Subphrenic Space Separated by the Falciform L.
43
What do you call the Deepest Pouch that fluid in the abdomen can enter in Males?
Rectovesicular Pouch The Space between the Rectum and the Bladder
44
What do you call the Deepest Pouch that fluid in the abdomen can enter in Females?
Rectouterine Pouch The space between the Rectum and the Uterus
45
What are some things to consider when performing abdominal surgery?
It is very painful due to the thoracoabdominal nerves Surgery can result in adhesions - can cause obstructions Best to stay out of peritoneal cavity if possible or perform laproscopic surgery
46
What is Peritonitis and what can cause it?
Infection in the peritoneal cavity Can be caused by stabbings or gunshot wounds as well as a rupture of an abdominal organ
47
What is Ascites?
Excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity
48
What is Paracentesis?
Paracentesis is a procedure done to treat Ascites (excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity) whereby fluid is drained from the abdomen. Drainage is done in lower left quadrant, avoiding nerves and vessels
49
What are the 5 parts of the Pancreas?
``` Head Uncinate Process Neck Body Tail ```
50
At what spinal segment is the pancreas located?
L1-L2
51
What structures are Anterior to the Pancreas?
The Lesser Sac | Stomach
52
What structures are Posterior to the Pancreas?
Vena Cava, Aorta, Splenic Vein, Bile Duct, Right Crus of the Diaphragm, Left Kidney and vessels, Left Suprarenal Gland, Superior Mesenteric Artery and Superior Mesenteric Vein
53
What structures are to the Right of the Pancreas?
2nd part of the Duodenum
54
What structures are to the Left of the Pancreas?
The Spleen (pancreas tail tickles the spleen)
55
What structures are Inferior to the Pancreas?
3rd part of the Duodenum
56
Why is it clinically significant that the Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein are posterior to the Pancreas.
Pancreatic Cancer. The Uncinate process forms a C shape around the Superiror Mesenteric Artery and Vein If the Pancreatic tissue grows and envelops these vessels you cannot perform surgery to treat the cancer

Colin GI (10 decks)

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