Histo Small & Large Intestine

Question 1

What are the transverse folds in the small intestine called, and where are the most present?

Answer 1

Plicae circulares

Cannot lay flat if distended

Absent in duodenum, predominent in the Jejunum, less so in the ileum

Question 2

What cell types are found in the Intestinal Villi?

Answer 2

Enterocytes - simple columnar cells (produce enzymes for digestion/absorption

Goblet cells - Secrete mucous (fewer goblet cells than stomach)

Question 3

What is a lacteal?

Answer 3

A vessel that absorbs fats from the intestinal lumen

Question 4

What is another name for intestinal glands, and what cells are found in them?

Answer 4

Crypts of Lieberkuhn - deep spaces between villi

Enteroendocrine Cells
Intestinal Stell Cells
Paneth cells
M (microfold) cells
Goblet cells

Question 5

What are Paneth Cells?

Answer 5

Pyramidal shaped cells at the base of the crypts/glands

Innate immunity, regulate gut flora

Question 6

What Are the Intestinal Stem Cells (ISCs)?

Answer 6

Cells found at the base of the crypts/glands near the Paneth cells.

Repopulate epithelium and specialize into the various glandular cells

Question 7

What are M (microfold) cells?

Answer 7

Specialized cells tat overlie Peyer’s Patches

Has microfolds

Has a deep pocket recess (acts like a blanket) covering immune cells, including:

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and T & B cells

Function as specialized antigen-tranasporting cells - have receptors for bacteria and transport bacterial antigens to immune cells that is surrounds

Question 8

Gastroduodenal junction

Answer 8

Pylorus is very muscular, and has a thick wall, with pyloric glands at the base of each gastric pit

Duodenum has a thinner wall with a secretory mucosa containing villi. Also has abundant Brunners glands in the submucosa DEEP to the muscularis mucosa