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T2 - Dani's GA2 > GA2 - cervical triangles > Flashcards

GA2 - cervical triangles Flashcards

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1
Q

6 superficial structures of the neck

A 
skin
superficial fascia
platysma
cutaneous nerves
superficial veins
superficial lymph nodes
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2
Q

___ embedded in superficial fascia

A

platysma

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3
Q

___ - thin flapped facial muscle

A

platysma

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4
Q

origin of the platysma

A

deep fascia covering the pectoralis major and deltoid muscle

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5
Q

insertion of the platysma

A

lower margin of the body of mandible blending with the muscle at the angle of the mouth

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6
Q

nerve supply of the platysma

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

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7
Q

action of the platysma

A

depresses the mandible and draws the lower lip and angle of the mouth

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8
Q

cutaneous nerves arise from ___ border of the SCM

A

posterior

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9
Q

___ ___ (C_) derived from dorsal ramus of C2

A

greater occipital (C2)

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10
Q

___ ___ nerve is between the semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis

A

greater occipital

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11
Q

___ ___ (C_) runs along the post border of the SCM

A

lesser occipital (C2)

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12
Q

_____ ___ (C_, C_) accompanies external jugular vein

A

great auricular (C2, C3)

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13
Q

____ ___ (C_, C_) crosses the SCM

A

transverse cervical (C2, C3)

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14
Q

____ (C_, C_) has a lot going down toward the clavicle

A

supraclavicular (C3, C4)

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15
Q

4 cutaneous nerves that are branches of the cervical plexus - ventral rami

A 
lesser occipital (C2)
greater auricular (C2, 3)
transverse cervical (C2, 3)
supraclavicular (C3, 4)
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16
Q

___ __ vein drains most of the scalp and side of the face

A

external jugular

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17
Q

____ ____ vein begins at the angle of the mandible

A

external jugular vein

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18
Q

external jugular vein begins at the ___ of ___

A

angle of mandible

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19
Q

external jugular vein begins where the ___ ___ vein and __ division of the ____ vein join

A

post auricular
posterior
retromandibular

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20
Q

external jugular vein ends at the ___ vein

A

subclavian

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21
Q

external jugular vein is seen in patients with ___ ___ ____

A

congestive heart failure

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22
Q

___ ___ vein arises near the hyoid bone from small veins underneath the chin

A

anterior jugular

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23
Q

anterior jugular vein terminates into the ___ ___ vein or the ___ vein

A

external jugular

subclavian

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24
Q

just above the suprasternal notch, the left and right anterior jugular veins may be united by the ___ ___ ___

A

jugular venous arch

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25
what muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
SCM
26
origin of the SCM
manubrium and medial third of clavicle
27
insertion of the SCM
mastoid process of tempral bone
28
nerve supply of the SCM
spinal part of accessory nerve (C2, C3)
29
action of the SCM
bilaterally, it extends the head at the atlanto-occipital joint and flexes the neck at the cervical vertebrae; unilaterally, it laterally bends the neck ipsilaterally and rotates head contralaterally
30
a clinical condition resulting from shortening of the SCM (congenital) or spasmodic contraction of the SCM
torticollis (wryneck)
31
torticollis irritates the nerve, can happen during ___, can be ___ and you can try to put in an ___
delivery permanent implant
32
anterior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck
SCM
33
posterior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck
trapezius
34
inferior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck
middle third of the clavicle
35
____ belly of the ___ muscle divides the posterior triangle into 2 smaller triangles
inferior omohyoid occipital supraclavicular
36
boundaries of the occipital triangle
SCM trapezius inferior belly of omohyoid
37
boundaries of the supraclavicular triangle
SCM inferior belly of omohyoid middle third of clavicle
38
4 arteries of the posterior triangle of the neck
subclavian superficial (transverse) cervical suprascapular occipital
39
2 veins of the posterior triangle of the neck
external jugular and its tribitaries | subclavian
40
3 nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck
brachial plexus spinal accessory branches of the cervical plexus
41
suprascapular artery is the blood supply to what 2 muscle?
infraspinatus | supraspinatus
42
what are the 2 arteries that branch off the thyrocervical artery?
transverse cervical | suprascapular
43
___ ___ nerve crosses over the posterior triangle to innervate the SCM and trapezius
spinal accessory
44
occipital artery is a branch of the ___ ___ artery
external carotid
45
internal carotid artery is more __ than external carotid artery
posterior
46
anterior scalenes syndrome
compresses brachial plexus and subclavian vein
47
anterior scalenes causes ____ , ___ BP, ___ pulse
numbness decreased weak
48
nerve roots of brachial plexus come out between ___ ___ and ____ ____
anterior scalene | middle scalene
49
floor of the posterior triangle of the neck is made up of 6 things
``` prevertebral fascia splenius capitis levator scapulae middle scalene posterior scalene anterior scalene, occasionally ```
50
origin of the anterior scalene
anterior tubercles of TPs of C3-C6
51
insertion of the anterior scalene
first rib
52
nerve supply of the anterior scalene
ventral rami of C4-C6
53
action of the anterior scalene
bilaterally, elevate 1st rib unilaterally, laterally flex and rotate neck accessory muscle of respiration
54
3 things lie anterior to the anterior scalene
subclavian vein transverse cervical and suprascapular a phrenic nerve
55
2 things lie posterior to the anterior scalene
subclavian artery | brachial plexus
56
2 things lie medial to the anterior scalene
vertebral a and v | thyrocervical trunk
57
1 thing lies lateral to the anterior scalene
roots of the brachial plexus
58
___ vein and ____ ____ vein to make the brachiocephalic vein
subclavian | external jugular
59
origin of the middle scalene
post tubercles of TPs of C2-C7
60
insertion of the middle scalene
upper surface of first rib behind groove for subclavian artery
61
nerve supply of middle scalene
ventral rami of C3-C8
62
action of middle scalene
bilaterally - elevates 1st rib | unilaterally - laterally flex neck
63
origin of the posterior scalene
posterior tubercles of TPs of C4-C6 or C5-C7
64
insertion of the posterior scalene
outer surface of second rib
65
nerve supply of the posterior scalene
ventral rami of C6-C8
66
action of posterior scalene
bilaterally - elevates second rib | unilaterally - laterally flexes neck
67
brachial plexus is formed from ___ rami of __-___
ventral | C5-T1
68
roots of the brachial plexus enter the posterior triangle of the neck between the __ __ and ___ ___ muscles
anterior scalene | middle scalene
69
brachial plexus is covered by a fascial sheath derived from the deep cervical fascia called the ___ ___
axillary sheath
70
upper trunk of the brachial plexus formed by what roots?
C5-C6
71
middle trunk of the brachial plexus formed by what root?
C7
72
lower trunk of the brachial plexus formed by what roots?
C8-T1
73
divisions are formed by each trunk dividing into ___ and ___ branches
anterior | posterior
74
divisions are formed in the ____ triangle
supraclavicular
75
all 3 posterior divisions from each trunk join to form the ____ cord
posterior
76
erb duchenne's palsy
upper trunk is damaged delivery of a baby (traction) stretch neck
77
signs of erb duchenne's palsy
cannot abduct and ER waiters tip position - IR and adduction trouble with flexion
78
Klumpky's palsy
damage to lower trunk breached delivery (traction) fall from revine and grab tree to stop self
79
signs of Klumpky's palsy
claw hand deformity
80
cervical plexus is formed from the ___ rami of __ - __
ventral | C1-C4
81
cervical plexus is related to the ___ ___ vein within the ___ sheath
internal jugular | carotid
82
4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
lesser occipital great auricular transverse cervical supraclavicular
83
motor branches of the cervical plexus go 5 places
``` prevertebral muscles SCM levator scapulae trapezius infrahyoid muscles through the ansa cervicalis ```
84
ansa cervicalis comes from what nerve roots?
C1-C3
85
infrahyoid muscles are supplied by the___ ___, except the ____
ansa cervicalis | thyrohoid
86
ansa cervicalis lies ____ and ___ to internal jugular vein
anterior | inferior
87
5 infrahyoid muscles
``` geniohyoid thyrohyoid omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid ```
88
phrenic nerve is the only motor nerve supply to the ___
diaphragm
89
phrenic nerve is considered to be a branch of the ___ plexus
cervical
90
ansa cervicalis is a nerve ___ formed by 2 roots
loop superior inferior
91
superior root of ansa cervicalis is a branch of ___ that joins the ___ nerve and then separates from it to form the superior root
C1 | hypoglossal
92
inferior root of ansa cervicalis is made up of the ___ ___ nerve with carries ___ and __ fibers
descending cervical | C2-C3
93
anterior boundary of the anterior triangle
midline of the neck
94
posterior boundary of the anterior triangle
anterior border of SCM
95
superior boundary of the anterior triangle
lower margin of mandible
96
anterior triangle can be subdivided into smaller triangles by __ and __ belies of ___ muscle and __ belly of ___ muscle
anterior belly of digastric posterior belly of digastric superior belly of omohyoid
97
medial boundary of the submental triangle
midline of the neck
98
lateral boundary of the submental triangle
anterior belly of digastric muscle
99
inferior boundary of the submental triangle
body of hyoid bone
100
contents of the submental triangle
lymph nodes | beginning of anterior jugular v
101
medial boundary of the digastric/submandibular triangle
anterior belly of digastric
102
lateral boundary of the digastric triangle
posterior belly of digastric
103
superior boundary of the digastric triangle
lower border of mandible
104
11 contents of the digastric triangle
``` submandibular gland facial a and v lymph nodes hypoglossal n mylohyoid nerve carotid a IJV vagus stylohyoid glossopharyngeal n lower part of parotid gland ```
105
medial boundary of the carotid triangle
superior belly of omohyoid
106
lateral boundary of the carotid triangle
anterior border of SCM
107
superior boundary of the carotid triangle
posterior belly of digastric
108
11 contents of the digastric triangle
``` CCA ECA ICA branches of ECA IJV and tributaries internal laryngeal nerve external laryngeal nerve IX, X, XII cranial nerves deep cervical lymph nodes ```
109
medial boundary of the muscular triangle
midline of the neck
110
inferior boundary of muscular triangle
anterior border of SCM
111
superior boundary of muscular triangle
superior belly of omohyoid
112
7 contents of muscular triangle
``` sternohyoid sternothyroid thyroid gland larynx trachea esophagus recurrent laryngeal nerve ```
113
digastric muscle has ant and post bellies connected by an ___ tendon
intermediate
114
origin of the digastric muscle
post belly from medial surface of mastoid process
115
insertion of the digastric muscle
ant belly into the digastric fossa of the mandible
116
nerve supply of the digastric muscle post - ant -
post belly - facial | ant belly - n to mylohyoid
117
action of the digastric muscle
depresses the mandible or elevates the hyoid bone
118
origin of the stylohyoid
styloid processof temporal bone
119
insertion of the stylohyoid
muscle passes downward and forward along the upper border of the post belly of digastric muscle and inserts into the hyoid bone at the jxn of the body and greater cornu. it is pierced near its insertion by the intermediate tendon of digastric muscle
120
nerve supply to the stylohyoid
facial
121
action of the stylohyoid
elevates the hyoid bone
122
origin of the mylohyoid
mylohyoid line of the mandible
123
insertion of the mylohyoid muscle
post fibers - body of the hyoid | ant fibers - fibrous raphe, extends from the symphysis menti to the body of the hyoid
124
nerve supply of the mylohyoid
mylohyoid nerve
125
mylohyoid is a branch of the ___ ___
inferior alveolar
126
inferior alveolar is a branch of the ___ nerve
mandibular
127
action of the mylohyoid
elevates the hyoid bone when the mandible is fixed | depresses the mandible when the hyoid bone is fixed
128
origin of the geniohyoid
inferior mental spine of the mandible
129
insertion of the geniohyoid
body of the hyoid bone
130
nerve supply of the geniohyoid
branch from the ant ramus of C1 carried along the hypoglossal nerve
131
action of the geniohyoid
elevates and pulls forward the hyoid bone when the mandible is fixed and depresses the mandible when the hyoid bone is fixed
132
4 suprahyoid muscles
digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid
133
origin of the omohyoid
through inf belly from the upper margin of the scapula and suprascapular ligament
134
insertion of the omohyoid muscle
sup belly into the inferior border of the body of hyoid bone intermediate tendon is held in position at an angle through a loop of deep fascia that slings the tendon to the clavicle and first rib
135
nerve supply of the omohyoid
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
136
action of the onohyoid
depresses the hyoid bone
137
origin of the sternohyoid
post surface of manubrium sterni and adjoining medial portion of the clavicle
138
insertion of the sternohyoid
lower border of body of the hyoid bone
139
nerve supply to the sternohyoid
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
140
action of the sternohyoid
depresses the hyoid bone
141
origin of the sternothyroid
post surface of manubrium streni and adjoining portion of the clavicle
142
insertion of the sternothyroid
oblique line of thyroid cartilage
143
nerve supply of the sternothyroid
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
144
action of the sternothyroid
depresses the larynx
145
origin of the thyrohyoid
oblique line of thyroid cartilage
146
insertion of the thyrohyoid
lower border of body of hyoid bone
147
nerve supply of the thyrohyoid
C1 nerve through hypoglossal nerve
148
action of the thyrohyoid
depresses the hyoid bone or elevates the larynx
149
4 infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid
150
R common carotid artery is a branch of the ___ artery
brachiocephalic
151
L common carotid artery is a branch of the ____ ___
aortic arch
152
the CCA divides into the ___ ____ and ___ ____
ECA | ICA
153
CCA splits at the level of the ___ border of the ___ cartilage
superior | thyroid
154
ECA and ICA ascend within a fascial sheath called the ___ sheath
carotid
155
found within the carotid sheath are the ___ and ____ ____
IJV | vagus nerve
156
at the beginning of the ICA is a localized dilation called the __ ___
carotid sinus
157
the tunica adventitia of the carotid sinus contains numerous nerve endings derived from the ___ nerve
glossopharyngeal
158
the carotid sinus contains ____
baroreceptors
159
baroreceptors are sensory receptors that monitor changes in ___ ___
blood pressure
160
lying post to the point of bifurcation of the CCA is a small reddish brown structure called the ___ ___
carotid body
161
the carotid body is a ____
chemoreceptor
162
carotid body is innervated by the ___ nerve
glossopharyngeal
163
chemoreceptors monitor ___ and ___ concentration
CO2 | pH
164
baroreceptors are used to treat ____
tachycardia
165
the ICA has ___ ___ in the neck
no branches
166
ICA enters the skull through the ___ ___ in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
carotid canal
167
the carotid canal is located on the ___ part of the ____ bone
petrous | temporal
168
the ICA is the main arterial supply for the ___ and structures of the ___ cavity
brain | orbital
169
ECA ascends in the neck and ends within the substance of the __ gland dividing into 2 terminal branches
parotid superficial temporal maxillary
170
8 branches of the ECA
``` superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital post auricular superficial temporal maxillary ```
171
1st branch of the EVA
superior thyroid
172
2nd branch of the ECA
lingual
173
lingual arises at the level of the ___ of the __ ___ of hyoid bone
tip | greater horn
174
___ artery is medial to angle of the mandible and hooks around
facial
175
___ artery arises from post of ECA artery and the level of the mandible
occipital
176
____ ___ artery behind the ext auditory meatus
post auricular
177
2nd terminal branch of the ECA
maxillary
178
1st terminal branch of the ECA
superficial temporal
179
___ ___ a infront of external auditory meatus
superficial temporal
180
___ a runs ant/med to neck of mandible
maxiallary
181
superficial temporal has the ___ __ branch that comes off at the zygomatic arch
transverse facial
182
where does the superior thyroid artery end?
upper pole of the thyroid
183
what two branches does the superior thyroid give off?
branch to the SCM | superior laryngeal
184
____ ___ artery arises from the EVA between it and the ICA
ascending pharyngeal
185
_____ artery arises from the posterior of the ECA and passes upward and backward to supply the back of the scalp
occipital
186
___ ____ artery arises from the post of ECA and passes upward and backward at the sup border of post belly of digastric to supply the back of the scalp and the auricle of the ear
post auricle of the ear
187
superficial temporal artery ascends in front of the auricle accompanied by the ___ nerve and gives off 3 branches
auriculotemporal transverse facial frontal temporal
188
____ artery courses ant/med to the neck of the mandible entering the infratemporal fossa
maxillary
189
R subclavian a arises from the ___ artery, post to the R ____ joint
brachiocephalic | SC
190
L subclavian a arises from the ___ ___ entering the root of the neck post to the left ___ joint
aortic arch | SC
191
both subclavian aa arch superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally passing posterior to the ___ ___ muscle
ant scalene
192
ant scalene divides the subclavian a into ___ parts
3
193
first part of the subclavian a gives off 3 branches
vertebral a thyrocervical a internal thoracic a
194
most medial branch of the first part of the subclavian a
vertebral a
195
thyrocervical a gives off 3 main branches
inferior thyroid transverse cervical suprascapular
196
inferior thyroid branches ___ from the 2nd part of the subclavian a and supplies the __ muscle
thyrohyoid
197
what artery sometimes comes off the thyrocervical artery?
ascending cervical
198
___ ___ artery arises from inferior surface of the subclavian artery
internal thoracic
199
internal thoracic artery gives off 4 arteries
pericardiacophrenic anterior intercostals musculophrenic superior epigastric
200
which part of the subclavian is directly behind the anterior scalene?
2nd part
201
2nd part of the subclavian a gives off 1 branch
costocervical trunk
202
costocervical trunk has 2 branches
deep cervical | superior intercostal artery
203
third part of the subclavian usually has ___ ___ but can sometimes give off the dorsal scapular or subscapular
no branches
204
3rd part of the subclavian artery is directly ___ to the ant scalenes
lateral
205
dorsal scapular a is usually a branch of the ___ ___
transverse cervical
206
____ vein is direct continuation of the axillary vein
subclavian
207
subclavian vein starts at .... | passing ant to ___ ___
lateral border of the 1st rib | ant scalene
208
subclavian v ends where it unites with the ___ to form the ____ vein
IJV | brachiocephalic
209
1 named tributary of the subclavian vein
EJV
210
___ ___ is at the jxn of the IJV and subclavian
thoracic duct
211
left brachiocephalic v is longer than the right because...
SVC is located to the R of the vertebral column
212
IJV recieves blood from the ___, ___ and ___
brain face neck
213
IJV begins at the ___ ___ in the skull as a direct continuation of the __ ___
jugular foramen | sigmoid sinus
214
IJV descends in the neck within the ___ ___ and ends by uniting with the ___ vein to form the ___ vein
carotid sheath subclavian brachiocephalic
215
7 tributaries of the IJV
``` inf petrosal sinus common facial pharyngeal lingual superior thyroid middle thyroid occipital (sometimes) ```
216
lymph of the head and neck ultimately join the R and L ___ lymph trunks
jugular
217
jugular lymph trunks --> R ___ duct and ___ ___
lymphatic | thoracic duct
218
jugular lymph trunks can sometimes drain into the corresponding _____ vein
brachiocephalic
219
which lymph nodes are the 1st to inflame when there is an infection in the tonsils
tonsillar
220
which lymph nodes are over the SCM
superficial cervical
221
which lymph are the first to be affected when there is an infection/tumor at the apex of the lung?
supraclavicular/sentinal nodes

T2 - Dani's GA2 (5 decks)

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