Gait

Question 1

7 steps of the gait cycle

Answer 1

initial heel contact
opposite toe off
heel rise
opposite initial contact
toe off
feet adjacent
tibia vertical

Question 2

stance phase of gait

Answer 2

loading response
mid-stance
terminal stance
pre-swing

Question 3

What is the loading response (1st phase of stance of gait)

Answer 3

-The initial Double Stance Phase.

Shock is absorbed as weight is transferred onto the outstretched limb

Question 4

what percent of the stance phase makes up the gait cycle

Answer 4

0-10% of gait cycle

Question 5

Mid Stance (stance of gait)

Answer 5

• Your body weight is aligned over the forefoot.

- Mass is moving forward and superiorly.

Question 6

mid stance - what % of gait cycle

Answer 6

10-30% of gait cycle

Question 7

what % of gait cycle are we in stance know

Answer 7

60%

Question 8

terminal stance (gait stance) facts

Answer 8

completes single support

body weight moves ahead of forefoot

Question 9

what % of gait is the terminal stance

Answer 9

30-50% of gait cycle

Question 10

Pre-swing (stance cycle of gait)

Answer 10

final phase of stance
second period of double stance

rapid unloading of ipsilateral limb as weight is transferred to contralateral side

Question 11

what % of gait is pre-swing (of stance phase)

Answer 11

50-60% of gait cycle

Question 12

swing phase (the last 3 parts that make up 40% of gait)

Answer 12

initial swing
mid-swing
terminal swing

Question 13

initial swing - facts and % of gait

Answer 13

• Important objectives are advancement of the trailing limb and clearance of foot.
• 60-73% of Gait Cycle

Question 14

Mid-Swing facts and % of gait

Answer 14

-Important objectives are limb advancement and foot clearance.
73-87% of Gait Cycle

Question 15

Terminal Swing - facts and % of gait

Answer 15

• Important objectives are completion of limb advancement and preparation of stance.
• Deceleration of Swing limb.
• 87-100% of Gait Cycle.

Question 16

walking base

Answer 16

The side-to-side distance between the paths taken by the two feet

(posterior L heel to posterior R heel)

Question 17

step length

Answer 17

distance between the heel strike of one foot and the heel strike of the other foot

Question 18

stride length

Answer 18

distance traveled during the gait cycle

Question 19

cadence

Answer 19

steps per minute

cadence of a measure of half-cycles

Question 20

CALCULATING CYCLE TIME

Answer 20

cycle time (s) = 120/cadence (steps/min)
if cadence is 60 steps/min

cycle time = 2 sec

Question 21

speed gait formula

Answer 21

stride length (m)/ cycle time (s)

stride length = 162 cm and cycle time = 2 sec

1. 62/2
2. 81

Question 22

when is upper body speed greatest in gait

Answer 22

during double support

Question 23

upper body vertical height in gait

Answer 23

lowest in double support

highest in the middle of stance and swing phases

Question 24

femur and tibia frontal plane motion during phases

Answer 24

adducts heel strike to toe off, then abducts after toe off to heel strike again

Question 25

transverse plane motions of pelvis, femur, tibia during gait cycle (focus on pelvis?)

Answer 25

internally rotates from heel strike to heel lift externally rotates from heel lift to heel strike

Question 26

need to know this stupid fukcing list of the six determinants of gait

Answer 26

1. Pelvic Rotation 2. Pelvic Obliquity 3. Knee Flexion 4. Ankle Mechanism 5. Foot Mechanism 6. Lateral Displacement of the Body

Question 27

pelvic rotation of 4 degrees anterior results in what?

Answer 27

0.95cm in displacement

Question 28

pelvic obliquity

Answer 28

we get tipping of the hip causing 0.5cm of vertical excursion (this only happens if knee can flex)

Question 29

15 deg knee flexion will lead to decreased of center of gravity vertical displacement by

Answer 29

1.1 cm

Question 30

what is the function of the six dterminants of gait

Answer 30

decrease the vertical and lateral displacement of centre of gravity (keeps our vertical dispalcement to a minimum, more efficient)

Question 31

total percents of stance phase and swing phase EXAM

Answer 31

60% stance 38% swing

Question 32

contact phase (pt 1 stance phase of gait)

Answer 32

Begins at Heel Strike and ends at Full Forefoot Load (FFL)of same foot

Question 33

Midstance Phase (pt 2 stance phase of gait)

Answer 33

Begins at FFL and ends at heel lift

Question 34

Propulsion Phase (pt 3 stance phase of gait)

Answer 34

time from heel off to toe off

Question 35

full forefoot load has a maximal pronation of what EXAM

Answer 35

4 degrees

Question 36

at 10% and 55% of gait cycle, the ankle is what?

Answer 36

n neutral! its neutral in these times!

Question 37

foot supinates for first time (since heel strike) in gait cycle at what phase

Answer 37

70% of stance phase

Question 38

abnormal gait cycle, at 55%

Answer 38

not neutral, we would have a valgus heel

Question 39

abnormal gait at 70% stance what should be and what is happening

Answer 39

should be 2 degs supinated, but still pronated

Question 40

what does prolonged abnormal pronation not allow (fukcing kill me)

Answer 40

mid-tarsal to lock

Question 41

When is the hip fully flexed/extended during walking

Answer 41

max flex= middle of swing phase (until initial contact) max extend= before end of stance

Question 42

When is the knee flexed and extended (2)

Answer 42

extended- before initial contact, initial swing Flexed- during loading response and early midstance

Question 43

When is the ankle and foot planter/dosiflexed

Answer 43

planter- to bring forefoot to ground, just after toe off dorsi- midstance relative dorsi, during swing to clear ground

Question 44

when does the hip extend in running

Answer 44

during second half of swing in prep for initial contact

Question 45

max knee flex in walking/running

Answer 45

60 is walking and 130 in sprinting in swing

Question 46

When does max extension of hip happen in running

Answer 46

until toe off

Question 47

conditions which commonly result in lateral trunk bending (5)

Answer 47

1. painfull hip 2. hip abductor weakness 3. abnormal hip jt 4. wide walking base 5. unequal leg length

Question 48

Why would you anterior trunk bend

Answer 48

Purpose is to compensate for inadequate knee extensors

Question 49

Why would you post trunk bend in walking

Answer 49

Purpose is to compensate for ineffective hip extensors (glue max)

Question 50

why would u increase lumbar lordosis in walking

Answer 50

due to a flexion contraction or ankylosisis of the hip joint restricting extension