gait

Question 1

gait cycle

Answer 1

beginning of a walking event by one limb and continuing until the event is repeated with the same limb

time from heel strike to the next ipsilateral heel strikes

Question 2

stride

Answer 2

one complete gait cycle

Question 3

step

Answer 3

beginning of an event by one limb until the beginning of the same event with the contralateral limb

Question 4

phases of gait cycle

Answer 4

initial contact
loading response
mid stance
terminal stance
preswing
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

stance 60%
swing 40%

heel strike
foot flat
midstance
heel off
toe off
acceleration
mid swing
deceleration

Question 5

ROM at hip needed for normal gait

Answer 5

stance phase: 0-30dg flexion and 1-10-20dg hypertext
swing phase: 20-30 dg flexion

Question 6

ROM at knee needed for normal gait

Answer 6

stance phase: 0-40dg flexion
swing phase: 0-60dg flexion

Question 7

ROM at ankle needed for normal gait

Answer 7

stance phase: 0-10 DF, 0-20PF
swing phase: 0-20dg DF

Question 8

muscle activity in the gait cycle - pretrial muscles

Answer 8

anterior tibialis, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus

prior to and during heel strike
- eccentric contraction: lowers foot to the ground
prior to and during swing phase
- concentric contraction: DF, clears toes off ground

Question 9

muscle activity in the gait cycle - calf muscles

Answer 9

gastric, soleus (flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, posterior tibialis)

mid stance
- eccentric contraction: control of tibia over the foot
heel off:
- concentric contraction: ankle PF

Question 10

muscle activity in gait cycle - quadriceps

Answer 10

vastus medialis/lateralis/intermedius, rectus femoris

heel strike
- quadriceps femoris contracts eccentrically: control rapid knee flexion and to prevent buckling
pre swing:
- eccentric contractions: slow down leg (tibia)

Question 11

muscle activity in gait cycle - hamstring

Answer 11

biceps, semitendinosus, semi membranous

before heel strike:
- eccentric contraction: protects knee from hyperextension

swing phase:
- concentric contraction: knee flexion

Question 12

muscle activity in the gait cycle - hip ABDs

Answer 12

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

stance phase
- eccentric contraction: stabilize pelvis

Question 13

muscle activity in gait cycle- hip adductors

Answer 13

adductor longus/brevis, gracilis, ADD Magnus (horizontal and vertical heads)

early and late stance
- concentric contraction: stabilize pelvis

Question 14

what way does the trunk lean during stance phase when there is weakness present

Answer 14

TOWARD side of weakness

forward trunk lean = weak hip flexors, quads
lateral trunk lean = glute med weak
backward trunk lean. = hip extension weakness