Gait

Question 1

Stance phase is what % of the gait cycle?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

Swing phase is what % of the gait cycle?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

Standard terminology for the stance phase?

Answer 3

Heel strike
Foot flat
Midstance
Heel off
Toe off

Question 4

Standard terminology for the swing phase?

Answer 4

Acceleration
Midswing
Deceleration

Question 5

Rancho Los Amigos terminology for stance phase?

Answer 5

Initial contact
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance
Pre-swing

Question 6

Rancho Los Amigos terminology for swing phase?

Answer 6

Initial swing
Midswing
Terminal swing

Question 7

Hip flexion ROM for normal gait?

Answer 7

0-30 deg

Question 8

Hip extension ROM for normal gait?

Answer 8

0-10 deg

Question 9

Knee flexion ROM for normal gait?

Answer 9

0-60 deg

Question 10

Knee extension ROM for normal gait?

Answer 10

0 deg

Question 11

Ankle DF ROM for normal gait?

Answer 11

0-10 deg

Question 12

Ankle PF ROM for normal gait?

Answer 12

0-20 deg

Question 13

Gait & Muscle activity during: initial contact

Answer 13

ankle DF’s, quads, hamstrings, hip extensors, hip abductors

Question 14

Gait & Muscle activity during: loading response

Answer 14

ankle DF’s, quads, ankle PF’s, tibialis posterior, hip extensors

Question 15

Gait & Muscle activity during: midstance

Answer 15

ankle PF’s, quads (minimal), hip abductors, iliopsoas

Question 16

Gait & Muscle activity during: terminal stance

Answer 16

anke PF’s, quads (minimal), hip abductors, iliopsoas

Question 17

Gait & Muscle activity during: pre-swing

Answer 17

ankle PF’s (peak), hamstrings, hip flexors

Question 18

Gait & Muscle activity during: initial swing

Answer 18

anke DF’s, hamstrings, hip flexors

Question 19

Gait & Muscle activity during: midswing

Answer 19

ankle DF’s, hip + knee musculature minimal (momentum allows advancement of limb)

Question 20

Gait & Muscle activity during: terminal swing

Answer 20

ankle DF’s, ankle inverters, quads, hamstrings, hip extensors

Question 21

Define base of support.

Answer 21

The distance measured between the left and right foot during progression of gait. The distance decreases as cadence increases.

Question 22

What is the average base of support for an adult?

Answer 22

2-4 inches

Question 23

Define cadence.

Answer 23

The number of steps an individual will walk over a period of time.

Question 24

What is the average cadence for an adult?

Answer 24

110-120 steps/min.

Question 25

Define degree of toe-out.

Answer 25

The ankle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe.

Question 26

What is the average degree of toe-out for an adult?

Answer 26

7 deg.

Question 27

Describe the relationship of double support stance and speed of gait.

Answer 27

Inversely related: the time of double support stance increases as gait speed decreases. This phase does not exist with running.

Question 28

When is a single gait cycle completed?

Answer 28

Gait cycle refers to the sequence of motions that occurs from initial contact of the heel to the next consecutive initial contact of the same heel.

Question 29

What is the average pelvic rotation during gait for an adult?

Answer 29

8 deg total: 4 deg forward with the swing leg and 4 deg backward with the stance leg.

Question 30

Define step length.

Answer 30

The distance measured between right heel strike and left heel strike.

Question 31

What is the average step length for an adult?

Answer 31

28 inches

Question 32

Define stride length.

Answer 32

The distance measured between right heel strike and the following right heel strike.

Question 33

What is the average stride length for an adult?

Answer 33

56 inches