Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Z 1st Exam Biomechanics > Gait PowerPoint > Flashcards

Gait PowerPoint Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is walking (4)?

A

Repeated Sequence
Symmetrical
Forward body motion
with maintained stance stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What factors influence gait (6)?

A

Body Structure & function
Shoes
Environment
Mood
Age
Culture/societal practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two categories and eight phases of the gait cycle?

A

Stance phase
-Initial contact
-Loading response
-Midstance
-Terminal stance
Swing phase
-Pre swing
-Initial swing
-Mid-swing
Terminal swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is gait cycle?

A

Continuous repetitive pattern of walking or running.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When did gait research gain popularity?

A

Originally gained popularity/ interest due to gait rehab of WWII vets who needed improvement to LE prosthetics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two phases of gait by percentage?

A

Stance- foot is in contact with ground
60% of cycle
Swing- - foot is in the air
40% of cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two terminologies for gait?

A

Ranchos Los Amigos and Traditional terminology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ranchos Los Amigos phases?

A

Stance phase
-Initial contact
-Loading Response
-Mid stance
-Terminal Stance
Swing phase
-Pre-Swing
-Initial-Swing
-Mid-Swing
-Terminal Swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Traditional terminology phases?

A

Stance phase
-Heal strike
-Flat foot
-Mid stance
-Toe off
Swing phase
-acceleration
-Mid-swing
-Deceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs during initial contact (4)?

A

Instant when foot touches the ground
Typically heel contact, not always
Begins double limp support
Effects the next phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What occurs during loading response (3)?

A

Starts with initial contact, continues until other foot is lifted for swing
Shock absorbed
Weight fully transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs during midstance (2)?

A

Continuation of single support phase
From loading response, as other foot is lifted from ground and continues until the body weight is aligned over the forefoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs in terminal stance (3)?

A

Completes single leg support
Begin of heel rise and continuous until after foot strikes the ground.
Body weight moves into forefoot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What occurs during pre-swing (5)?

A

Final phase of stance
2nd period of double stance.
Initial contact with opp limb/ ipsilateral toe-off
Rapid weight transfer.
Major objective is to position limb for swing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs during the initial swing (3)?

A

Begins with lift of foot off floor.
Ends with the swinging foot opposite the stance foot
Objective: 1. Advance limb forward. 2. Clear foot from floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs during mid-swing (3)?

A

Begins when foot swings opposite of stance foot
Ends when limb is forward and tibia vertical.
2 objectives: 1. limb advancement. 2. Foot clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs during the terminal swing (5)?

A

Begins with vertical tibia
Ends with foot strike on floor
Limb advancement complete.
Deceleration of swinging limb
Prep for stance phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most of the ground reaction force while walking is in the ____ direction?

A

Vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When pushing ____ into the ground while walking, the ground is pushing ____ into you?

A

Posterior… anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is ground reaction force in the foot when walking?

A

Vector summation: single resultant force vector between the foot and the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 components of ground reaction force during gait?

A

Vertical
Anterior-posterior
Medial-lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 spatial/temporal descriptors of gait?

A

Step length
Stride length
Width of base of support
Walking speed (temporal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Average walking speed?

A

AVG Adult Female = 79m/min
Avg Adult Male = 82m/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are three temporal descriptors of gait?

A

Cadence (steps/minute or step rate)
Stride time
Step time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is cadence?
Cadence is the number of steps you take during a given period, typically measured per minute (SPM).
26
What is the average cadence in runners?
Rec runner 160-170 SPM Elite Athlete 180+ SPM
27
What are 5 factors that influence running cadence?
Factors that determine your running cadence include height, weight, fitness level, leg, and stride length.
28
Draw divisions of the gait cycle?
Slide 14
29
What occurs during weight acceptance (4)?
Most demanding task in Gait cycle Involves the transfer of body weight onto a limb that has just finished swinging forward and has an unstable alignment Shock absorption Maintenance of forward body progression
30
What occurs during single leg support (2)?
One limb support of body weight Same limb provides trunk stability while body progression continues
31
What occurs during swing leg advancement (2)?
Requires foot clearance from floor Limb swings through 3 positions as it travels to its destination in front of the body
32
What are the three rockers?
Heel rocker Ankle rocker Forefoot rocker
33
What is the heel rocker?
Its function is to translate the vertical component of the ground reaction force into forward progression of the tibia through the link provided by the eccentric action of tibialis anterior. Lasts from IC to flat foot
34
What is ankle rocker?
Its function is to control the rate of forward progression of the body as the tibia rotates at the ankle joint over the fixed foot under the eccentric control of the triceps surae. Lasts from flat foot to heel rise
35
What is forefoot rocker?
It functions to extend the period of ground contact via the gastrocnemius to exploit the GRF vector’s helpful influence on swing initiation. Lasts from heel rise to end of stance
36
What does gait analysis examine?
Examination of hips, knees, ankles, and feet during walking or running on a treadmill.
37
What is most common to watch in gait analysis and why?
Most watch ankles and feet. Shoe fitting
38
When would slow motion and freeze frames be used in gait analysis?
When looking at elite runners
39
Why do gait a analysis?
INJURIES and ABNORMALITIES
40
Injuries associated with poor gait biomechanics?
Shin Splints Plantar Fascitis IT band syndrome (runners Knee) Patellar tendonitis Patello-femoral pain Achilles tendonitis Low back pain
41
What are five categories to look at when analyzing gait?
Foot Ankle Knee Hip General
42
Gait analysis foot (2)?
Overpronation, Oversupination High Arches, Low Arches
43
Gait analysis ankle?
Limited DF
44
Gait analysis knee?
Increased Q angle?
45
Gait analysis hip?
Pelvic tilt- anterior, posterior, lateral
46
Gait analysis general?
Loss of ROM in joints Muscle weaknesses Muscle Imbalances Leg length discrepancies
47
A typical Q angle is ____ degrees for men and ____ degrees for women? Women less than ____ degrees Men less than ____ degrees
A typical Q angle is 12 degrees for men and 17 degrees for women Women less than 22 degrees Men less than 18 degrees
48
What to look for during a neuro exam?
Watch patient walk. Walking gives info on Strength, Sensation, Coordination and integrated functions
49
Antalgic gait?
Shortened stance phase of Gait relative to swing phase Good indicator of pain with weight bearing
50
Festinant gait?
Small Shuffling steps and generally slow movement Typically associated with Parkinson's disease
51
Trendelenburg gait?
weakness of Glute medius and minimus Pelvis tilts down to opposite side. Pimp Limp
52
Magnetic gait?
feet seem attached to the floor like a magnet
53
Myopathic gait?
Waddling gait Weakness of proximal muscles of pelvic girdle Patient uses circumduction for compensating gluteal weakness Pregnancy Congenital Dislocation of Hip
54
Potential causes for high stepping gait?
Deep peroneal nerve injury Loss of DF -Polio -MS -Guillain Barre syndrome -Peroneal Nerve inj.
55
What is scissor gait?
Spastic Cerebral Palsy Rigidity and excessive adduction of legs in swing phase PF of Ankle Flexion of Knee Add and In Rot of Hip Progressive contractures of all muscles Assisting movements of the upper limb shows complications.
56
How long does kicking a ball take?
.5 seconds
57
5 Phases of kicking?
Plant foot placment Swing phase Hip flex/knee extend Impact phase Follow through
58
5 Phases of kicking?
Plant foot placement Swing phase Hip flex/knee extend Impact phase Follow through
59
Review the kicking of a ball?
Slides 26-28
60
What does intensity of a kick depend on?
Distance and accuracy
61
When is the motor skill of kicking learned?
4-6
62
When is the the motor skill of kicking fully developed?
9
63
What are five phases of kicking?
Preparation Back swing Leg cocking Acceleration Follow through
64
Kicking 101 phases?
Plant foot placement Swing phase Hip flex/knee extensions/acceleration Impact phase follow through
65
Plant foot placement?
Direct correlation to direction ball will travel. Ideal place is perpendicular to center line of the ball.
66
Swing phase?
Goal to achieve max elastic energy storing to transfer force into ball. Max eccentric activity in knee extensors.
67
Hip flex/ knee ext. (Acceleration)?
Speed of kick is governed by Hip rot torque. Hip flexor strength and Quad strength.
68
Impact phase?
6-16milliseconds Middle of foot, Locked ankle Hip and knee slightly flexed, foot is moving upward and forwards.
69
Follow-through?
Keep foot in contact with the ball longer Guard against injury Body slows down forces with hamstrings eccentrically.

Z 1st Exam Biomechanics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions