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PowerPoint 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Movement is ____?

A

Life

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2
Q

Biomechanics?

A

-The Physics(mechanics) of motion exhibited or produced by biological systems
-Field of study examining forces acting upon, within, and produced by a body
-Integrates biological characteristics with traditional mechanics

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3
Q

Mechanics?

A

The branch of Physics specifically concerned with the effect of forces and energy on the motion of bodies

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4
Q

Two branches of physics/mechanics?

A

Statics and dynamics

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5
Q

Statics?

A

Branch of Mechanics concerned with objects in a state of equilibrium
-Rest
-Or constant state of motion

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6
Q

Dynamics?

A

Branch of Mechanics concerned with objects in a state of acceleration or changing motion

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7
Q

Kinetics?

A

The study of forces that inhibit, cause, facilitate or modify motion in a body

Examples – Friction, Gravity, Pressure

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8
Q

Kinematics?

A

The study or description of the spatial (direction with respect to a 3D world) or temporal (motion with respect to time) characteristics of motion without regard to causative forces.

Examples
-Displacement ( Distance Traveled in Meters or Degrees)
-Velocity ( Displacement in a given time – M/sec or Deg/sec)

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9
Q

What are the seven disciplines that biomechanics is connected to?

A

Coaching
Ergonomics
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Sports medicine
Adapted movement
Functional anatomy

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10
Q

Three-step process in biomechanics?

A

Identify Problems
Find Solutions
Bring information to the public

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11
Q

Exercise physiology two definitions?

A

The study of physiology under conditions of disrupted homeostatis

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12
Q

What is movement caused by in a person?

A

Contraction of skeletal muscle

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13
Q

What is the link between physiology and biomechanics?

A

Neuromuscular system

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14
Q

Muscles are a ____ factor that affects ____ values?

A

kinetic… kinematic

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15
Q

When is the human body best appreciated?

A

When its systems are challenged

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16
Q

Three sub-areas of motor behavior?

A

Motor control
Motor development
Motor learning

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17
Q

What does motor mean?

A

Movement

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18
Q

Motor control?

A

How the nervous system controls the muscles during complex movements

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19
Q

Motor development?

A

Progression of motor control throughout the lifespan due to maturation

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20
Q

Motor learning?

A

Changes in proficiency of motor control through experience and/or practice

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21
Q

What are the two systems for motor control?

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A

Open-loop and closed-loop

22
Q

Open-loop motor control?

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A

A skill that occurs at a faster rate than feedback can change

Example: a full swing in softball batting

23
Q

Closed-loop motor control?

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A

A skill that can be changed while in motion as a result of feedback

Example: tracking and catching a fly ball
Feedback comes from the Eyes, Ears, and proprioceptors throughout the body.

24
Q

Motor control changes across the ____?

25
What type are primary motor activities at birth?
Not voluntary and reflexive
26
When does voluntary motion begin?
When nerves and muscles are ready and reflexes are inhibited
27
Kinetics and kinematics of all skills change with ____ ____?
Motor development
28
Biomechanical changes evolve because of?
-Changes in body size with growth and regression -Length of limbs, mass of body segments -Changes due to maturation of nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems -Readiness, learning, experience, aging
29
What is motor learning focused on?
Focuses primarily on neurological aspects of attaining and retaining motor skills.
30
How is motor learning performed in early stages of life?
Reflex driven learning aka Trial and Error
31
What does motor proficiency change due to?
Experience/practice
32
Ergonomics?
A discipline concerned with the interaction of humans and machines and with the factors that influence that interaction
33
What does ergonomics try to improve?
The human-machine system by “designing-in” a better human-machine interface or “designing-out” factors in the work task or environment that interfere with system performance.
34
What does ergonomics attempt to improve?
The human-machine system by “designing-in” a better human-machine interface or “designing-out” factors in the work task or environment that interfere with system performance.
35
Five workplaces to use ergonomics?
Factory Truck driving Logistics Shipping companies Farmers
36
Physical therapy?
The field dedicated to preventing, evaluating, and treating movement abnormalities
37
What can disordered movement be caused by?
Injury Disease Muscular imbalance Congenital conditions
38
Abnormal motion at one joint is often associated with what?
Abnormal motion at another joint
39
Sports medicine?
Athletic trainers focus on preventing and immediately treating injuries that occur during sports and on rehabilitating athletes after such injuries
40
What can biomechanics help an ATC understand?
The mechanism of the injury
41
What methods can an ATC employ to prevent injury?
Preventing injury may require such methods as bracing and taping, both of which can affect normal human motion
42
Pedagogy?
The principles and methods of instruction Includes both teaching and coaching
43
What must be considered to present information in the most effective way for each student?
Level of proficiency Type of learner Type and frequency of feedback
44
What are objectives of pedagogy?
Encourage learning Enhance performance
45
Adapted motion?
Instruction and modifications for clients with cognitive and physical challenges -Challenges due to loss of sensory function (visual, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive) -Processing challenges for understanding instructions and selecting effective motor programs (autism, Down Syndrome) -Challenges in activating coordinated muscular actions (multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, CP, paralysis)
46
What can modifications include for adapted motion?
Equipment, rules, environment, and instructional strategies
47
Eight common questions or problems studied by biomechanics?
Toddlers Astronauts Osteoporosis Fall risk Gait Cerebral Palsy Surgeons Prosthetic limbs
48
What will learning biomechanics promote?
-Communication skills/ language for professional field -Foundational principles built upon more in depth in further educational settings -Problem solving skills for desired profession/career
49
What must professionals in biomechanics be good at?
Asking question and analyzing movement
50
What are the two types of questions to ask?
General and specific

Z 1st Exam Biomechanics (4 decks)

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