Garden Vs Machine Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the four basic activities that make up the management role?
Planning, organising, controlling and leading
What is the garden metaphor?
Manages acting as stewards coaxing the employees, Giving better work conditions and work environment
What is the machine metaphor?
Seeing businesses operating like machines. Focus is purely on maximisation of output with little regard to workforce
What were the Working conditions like in the first echo for machine style?
No welfare, no pension, and no part time working. Workers did what they were told without question. 50 or 60 hours a week. Work from 11 years old through into old age.
Who was the first person to start implementing garden style management?
Robert Owen
How did Robert Owen manage his business?
He created a garden management strategy. Experimented with cutting working hours, found this increased productivity and so cut working hours again. Banned child labour. Built mutually supportive community, for example paying for the establishment of schools.One 16th of everybody’s wages was set aside into a fund for older, sick workers.
What affect did Robert Owens management strategies have on his business?
He secured a 50 percent return on capital that he had invested in treating people better.
What were the working conditions at Robert Owens factory like?
Still run in a harsh manner. Even though working hours were reduced, still an 11 hour day, six days per week. Also, zero tolerance for illegitimate children – sacked on the spot
Who were the three managers involved in the second echo?
Max webber who Used a bureaucratic management approach. Frederick W Taylor who used a scientific management approach. Edward Cadbury who used a Garden management strategy
How did Max Webber run his business?
Used in application of bureaucratic principles. Clear reporting lines in organisations, creating efficient unity of command and a hierarchical management structure. Clearly defined areas of work. Corresponding levels of decision-making authority with each level on the hierarchy. Decision-making was governed by strict rules. Promotion Up the hierarchy based entirely on merit
What was the disadvantage of Max webbers system?
Lack of flexibility. Only suited to stable environments where change happens slowly.
How did Fedrick W Taylor manage his business?
Taylor focused very heavily on time management. He invented the assembly line. Each worker takes responsibility for small part of the process and would repeat that process hundreds or thousands of times a day. This reduced waiting times and duplication of effort, reducing costs. Less skilled workers were needed therefore lower salary pay supervises oversee the quality of the work.
Was Frederick W Taylors management strategy effective?
Yes. Increased production from 5 million a month to 17,000,000 at no extra cost. This is the purist version of machine metaphor
How did Edward Cabry run his business?
Providing decent housing and benefits. Performance based pay equals incentivisation. Extensive employee involvement.
What were the Hawthorne studies?
Altering rates of performance related pay, changing working systems and involving them in decision-making ideas.
What did the Hawthorne studies discover?
That showing an interest in employees work observing it and asking them about it was much more influential in improving employees motivation than a pay rise or any other means.
What is the major criticism of scientific management?
Dehumanisation and ultimately bad for business. Jobs with tedious repetitive and unpleasant to perform therefore disengaging the workforce and causing a high staff turnover. That was low motivation in the workforce therefore requiring more supervises therefore more expense
What were Douglas McGregors theory X and theory Y?
According to theory X, workers are naturally lazy and workshy. Given the opportunity they will avoid work and slowdown.
Theory Y why assumes that work is actually very keen to work hard
Managers with the theory X assumptions will create a workforce with theory X characteristics
Give an example of where machine like a management is used today?
Call centre industry. Relatively low wages, tight attendance rules, one type of cool, standardised scripted answers, daily targets to meet.
How is the public sector currently cutting costs in terms of employment?
Limiting skill related tasks to only skilled individuals and non-skill related tasks to non-skilled individuals, therefore more efficient usage of workforce. Example st. Johns ambulance.
