Gas Exchange Flashcards
What are the bronchi and bronchioles
Bronchi are made smooth muscle and cartilage and are for the air flow to the lungs
The bronchioles branch of into the alveoli
What are alveoli
Alveoli are sacs that full with air when we breath
Oxygen in the alveoli diffuse out into the bloodstream and CO2 from the bloodstream diffuse into the alveoli
They have a large surface are fir efficient gas exchange
What are columnar epithelial cells
The line the bronchi trachea and large bronchioles
What are the two types of columnar epithelial cells and explain their function
Goblet cells secrete mucus and trap unwanted particles present in air
Ciliates epithelial cells have cilia on their surface which wafts mucus up the trachea to the back of the throat
Function of the capillaries
Capillaries surround each alveoli and they have a large sugar area fur has exchange between the alveoli and the blood stream
What are squamous epithelial cells
They line the alveoli walls
They are a single cell thick to ensure efficient diffusion
The provide a shirt diffusion pathway between the alveoli and capillaries
What is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
It is a chronic disease which is cause by the damage of cilia cells and the damage of the alveoli fibres
Resulting in shortness of breath and mucus build up
Wgat is endothelial tissue
Lines the internal surfaces of vessels
What is atherosclerosis
Due to build up of fatty plaque in the arteries
This decreases the lumen diameter
This means that les blood is able to pass through arteries
This can induce blood clots
And oxygen deprivation
What is bronchitis
Damage of the cilia cells due to smoking
Collins is unable to waft away mucus secreted by goblet cell
Inducing mucus
What is emphysema
Due to damage of the alveoli lining preventing elastic recoil which induces lung inflammation
