Gas Exchange

Question 1

What do cells need energy for?

Answer 1

Contracting muscels
Making protein molecules 
Cell division 
Active transport
Transmitting nerve impulses
Produce heat

Question 2

Uses of energy in the body of humans.

Answer 2

maintenance of a constant body temp
cell division + growth 
active transport 
Passage of nerve impulses
Muscle contraction 
Protein synthesis

Question 3

What is the main nutrient used to provide energy?

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

What is respiration?

Answer 4

Cells that have to break down glucose molecules to release energy through a series of metabolic reactions which also involves the actions of of enzymes.

Question 5

What is aerobic repiration?

Answer 5

Cells releasing energy from glucose by combining it with oxygen

Question 6

Where does aerobic respiration happen?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 7

C6H1206 + 602 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 8

How can we investigate aerobic respiration?

Answer 8

By measuring the amount of oxygen that they take from the air using a respirometer.

Question 9

How do we remove the carbon dioxide?

Answer 9

Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide

Question 10

What does a respirometer consist of?

Answer 10

Two tubes one containing living organisms and the other containing glass beads to act as a control.

Question 11

What happens once the apparatus is set up?

Answer 11

Movement of the coloured liquid towards the living organism giving a measure of the volume of oxygen taken up for respiration.

Question 12

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 12

Energy released from sugar without using oxygen

Question 13

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?

Answer 13

Glucose =(yeast above the equal) ethanol + carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 =(yeast above the equal) 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 14

Where does anaerobic respiration take place in humans?

Answer 14

In muscle cells

Question 15

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Answer 15

Glucose= lactic acid+ energy

Question 16

What does lactic acid do?

Answer 16

Lowers the pH level of the cells adn could denature enzymes.

Question 17

What happens to the lactic acid once exercise is done?

Answer 17

Blood with lactic acid is passes through thte liver where it is taken to the liver celss where it is oxidised produced carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

Why do we continue to breathe heavily after exercise?

Answer 18

We need to transport lactic acid to the liver and continue getting large amounts of oxygen into the blood to oxidise the lactic acid.

Question 19

What surrounds the trachea?

Answer 19

Rings of cartillage

Question 20

What is the function of the rings of catillage?

Answer 20

To support the airways and keep them open during breathing.

Question 21

What are the passages down to the lungs lined with?

Answer 21

Ciliated epithelial cells

Question 22

What do ciliated epithelial cells have?

Answer 22

Tiny hairs that beat and push mucus up the passages towards the nose and throat.

Question 23

Where is mucus made?

Answer 23

Goblet cells

Question 24

What does mucus do?

Answer 24

Traps particles, pathogens and dust and prevents them from getting into the lungs.

Question 25

What are the ribs?

Answer 25

Bone structure that protects internal organs such as lungs

Question 26

What are intercostal muscles?

Answer 26

Muscels between ribs which control the movements causing inhalation and exhalation

Question 27

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 27

Sheet of connective tissue and muscle at the bottom of the thorax that helps change the volume of th ethorax to allow inhalation and exhalation.

Question 28

What is the trachea?

Answer 28

Windpipe that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs

Question 29

What is the larynx?

Answer 29

When the air passes across here we are able to make sounds

Question 30

What is the bronchi?

Answer 30

Large tubes branching of the trachea with one bronchus for each lung.

Question 31

What are bronchioles?

Answer 31

Bronchi split to form smaller tubes called bronchioles in the lungs connected to alveoli

Question 32

What are alveoli?

Answer 32

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place

Question 33

What increases the gas exchange?

Answer 33

Larger surface area Thin walls Good ventillation with air Good blood supply

Question 34

What do intercostal muscles do during inhalation?

Answer 34

Pull the ribs up and out They relax

Question 35

What do exhalation muscles do during exhalation?

Answer 35

Pull the ribs down and in They relax

Question 36

What do the diaphragm muscels do during inhalation?

Answer 36

Contracts and moves downwards

Question 37

What happens to the lung volume during inhalation?

Answer 37

Increases and pressure fall

Question 38

What do the diaphragm muscels do during exhalation?

Answer 38

Relax and returns to its dome shape

Question 39

What happens to the lung volume during exhalation?

Answer 39

lung volume decreases and pressure increases

Question 40

Describe gas exchange

Answer 40

Blood returned from the body have a lack of oxygen and alveoli have fresh oxygen so a perfect concentration gradient is created as the oxygen diffuses down the gradient into the red blood cells and the CO2 diffuses from the plasma into the alveoli.

Question 41

How much is oxygen in inspired air?

Answer 41

21%

Question 42

How much is carbon dioxide in inspired air?

Answer 42

0.04%

Question 43

How much is nitrogen in inspired air?

Answer 43

78%

Question 44

How much is water vapour in inspired air?

Answer 44

Lower

Question 45

How much is oxygen in expired air?

Answer 45

16%

Question 46

How much is carbon dioxide in expired air?

Answer 46

4%

Question 47

How much is nitrogen in expired air?

Answer 47

78%

Question 48

How much is water vapour in expired air?

Answer 48

higher

Question 49

What can we use to test for CO2?

Answer 49

Limewater- turns cloudy

Question 50

How can we investigate the effect of exercise on breathing?

Answer 50

By counting the breaths taken during one minute

Question 51

What do we expect would happen to the frequency and depth of breathing?

Answer 51

The number of breaths will increase and chest expansion increase

Question 52

Why does frequency and depth of breathing increase during exercise?

Answer 52

Bc of muscles are working harder and aerobically respiring more and need more oxygen to be delivered to them to keep up the energy demand.

Question 53

What happens as respiration increases?

Answer 53

More CO2 is produced and enters the blood

Question 54

What does the increase the CO2 concentration do to the brain?

Answer 54

Stimulates receptor cells that send impulses to the muscles of the lungs causing them to contract and move more strongly