Unit 2 Biology

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

Diffusion is when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration as a result of their random movement

Question 2

Where does the energy of diffusion come from?

Answer 2

Kinetic energy

Question 3

What is the concentration gradient?

Answer 3

Area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 4

What does passive process mean?

Answer 4

It does not require energy

Question 5

What are three factors that affect diffusion?

Answer 5

Temperature
Surface area to volume ratio
Concentration gradient

Question 6

List 4 ways to get a faster rate of diffusion:

Answer 6

Higher temperature
Larger surface area
Smaller size of particles
Higher gradient

Question 7

In which medium does diffusion occur the fastest?

Answer 7

Gas

Question 8

What is osmosis?

Answer 8

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane

Question 9

What is a partially permeable membrane?

Answer 9

A partially permeable membrane has holes to allow water molecules to pass through but are too small to let larger molecules pass through

Question 10

How do water particles in osmosis diffuse?

Answer 10

From high concentration to low concentration

Question 11

What does a dilute solution mean?

Answer 11

Has a high concentration of molecules

Question 12

What does concentrated solution mean?

Answer 12

Has a low concentration of molecules

Question 13

What are plant and animal cells surrounded by?

Answer 13

Partially permeable plasma

Question 14

What does a cell wall provide for a plant cell

Answer 14

Support

Protection

Question 15

Why is water important for cells?

Answer 15

For chemical reactions

Support

Question 16

What is active transport?

Answer 16

Active transport is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy in the form of ATP

Question 17

What happens during active transport?

Answer 17

Protein carriers in the cell membrane pick up particles and move them against the concentration gradient

Question 18

What minerals do plants need to absorb?

Answer 18

Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Potassium

Question 19

How is active transport used in plants

Answer 19

Is the soil as a low concentration of minerals then the roots can absorb it against the concentration gradient

Question 20

What are organic molecules

Answer 20

Organic molecules are biological molecules

Question 21

Which elements does carbohydrates have

Answer 21

C
H
O

Question 22

What elements do lipids have?

Answer 22

C
H
O

Question 23

What elements do proteins have?

Answer 23

C
H
O
N
S
P

Question 24

What elements do nucleus acid have?

Answer 24

C
H
O
N
P

Question 25

What are monomers?

Answer 25

Monomers are subunits that make up a large organic molecule

Question 26

What is a polymer?

Answer 26

Polymers is a large molecule made up of a long chain of repeating monomers

Question 27

What is condensation

Answer 27

Condensation is the process of turning monomers into polymers by removing water

Question 28

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 28

Hydrolysis is the use of water to break down polymers into monomer

Question 29

What percentage of our body is water?

Answer 29

70%

Question 30

Why is water important to living organisms?

Answer 30

Chemical reactions Transport glucose around the body Dissolves enzymes Kidneys will remove waste products

Question 31

carbohydrates Monomers?

Answer 31

Glucose

Question 32

Carbohydrates Polymers

Answer 32

Disaccharide-sucrose Polysaccharide - starch

Question 33

Carbohydrates Function

Answer 33

Primary fuel Form cell walls Storage of available energy

Question 34

Proteins Monomers

Answer 34

Amino acid

Question 35

Proteins Polymer

Answer 35

Polypeptide

Question 36

Proteins Functions

Answer 36

``` Digest food Transport oxygen Provides immunity Form structures Energy stored for developing embryo ```

Question 37

Lipids Monomers

Answer 37

Glycérol and fatty acids

Question 38

Lipids Polymer

Answer 38

Triglyceride

Question 39

Lipids Function

Answer 39

Fat stores long term energy | Cushion vital organs from damage

Question 40

Nucleic acid Monomers

Answer 40

Nucleotide

Question 41

Nucleic acid Polymer

Answer 41

Double stranded helix

Question 42

Nucleic acid Functions

Answer 42

Carries genetic info Determines proteins made in cells and what they develop into

Question 43

Why can’t lipids be polymers

Answer 43

They do not form large molecules bc they are not made of monomers

Question 44

What is the food test for starch?

Answer 44

Add 1ml of iodine solution Mix well Colour change Brown to blue black

Question 45

What is the food test for Protein?

Answer 45

Add 1ml of biuret solution into an Aqueous solution of the food Mix well Colour change Pale blue to purple

Question 46

What is the food test for reducing sugar?

Answer 46

Add 1ml of Bénédicte solution Place in water bath for 2min Colour change Blue to brick red

Question 47

What is the test for lipids?

Answer 47

Add 1ml of ethanol Mix well Colour change It turns milky white

Question 48

What is flaccid

Answer 48

Floppy

Question 49

What is turgid?

Answer 49

Firm

Question 50

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 50

Phagocytosis is when particles are engulfed by the cel surface membrane flowing around them

Question 51

What is plasmolysed?

Answer 51

Plasmolysed is when the cell membrane peels away from the cell wall.

Question 52

What is cellular metabolism?

Answer 52

The total number of chemical reactions that occur constantly in each living cell

Question 53

What are biochemical pathways?

Answer 53

Chemical reactions in cells occur in a series of controlled steps and each step in the pathway is controlled by an enzyme

Question 54

What is an enzyme?

Answer 54

A protein catalyst which speeds up the rate of the reaction without undergoing any change itself

Question 55

What do enzymes bind with?

Answer 55

They bond specifically to a substrate molecule and convert it to a product molecule. They are not used up in a reaction and so can be recycled.

Question 56

What do enzymes do?

Answer 56

Enzymes reduce the amount of energy required to begin the reactions

Question 57

What is the structure of an enzyme?

Answer 57

Enzymes are made of proteins that have been folded so that they have a specific active site which binds to its substrate.

Question 58

How does enzyme action happen?

Answer 58

1. Enzyme and substrate are available 2. Substrate binds with enzyme 3. Substrate is converted to product 4. Products are released

Question 59

How is the enzyme affected by temperature?

Answer 59

Enzymes work best at 37 degrees However at high temperatures the enzymes protein structure is permanently changed so that the substrate can no longer bind to the active site.It becomes denatured

Question 60

What is the optimal temperature?

Answer 60

The temperature at which the enzyme works best at

Question 61

How is the enzyme affected by the pH?

Answer 61

Each enzyme works best at a particular pH Enzymes can dénature by extreme pH changes.

Question 62

What pH does trypsin work in?

Answer 62

8

Question 63

What pH does pepsine work in?

Answer 63

2

Question 64

What pH does catalase work in?

Answer 64

7

Question 65

What does heat do to enzymes?

Answer 65

More collisions between enzymes and substrate

Question 66

What is turgor pressure?

Answer 66

Turgor pressure is water pressure acting against an inelastic cell wall

Question 67

What is the test for Vitamin C?

Answer 67

Add DCPIP until the colour changes permanently | from Blue to colourless

Question 68

What happens to a plant cell when placed in a solution of lower water potential?

Answer 68

It will become flaccid

Question 69

What happens when a RBC is added to a solution of lower water potential?

Answer 69

It will become crenated

Question 70

What will happen when RBC is added to a solution of high water potential?

Answer 70

It will swell up and burst

Question 71

Define Tissue

Answer 71

Group of cells with similar structure to carry out a specific function

Question 72

Define Organ

Answer 72

Group of tissues working together to carry out a specific function

Question 73

Define Organ System

Answer 73

Group of organs with related function to carry out a specific function