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Biology > Gas Exchange In Plants And Humans > Flashcards

Gas Exchange In Plants And Humans Flashcards

0
Q

What do plants take in from the air during photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide

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1
Q

How do plants exchange gases?

A

By diffusion

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2
Q

What gas do plants take in from the air in respiration?

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

When a plant is photosynthesising does it use up more carbon dioxide or oxygen?

A

Carbon dioxide

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4
Q

When a plant photosynthesises there is little carbon dioxide in the leaf. How does the plant get more carbon dioxide in the leaf?

A

Carbon dioxide moves into the leaf by diffusion as there is a higher concentration outside the leaf than inside the leaf

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5
Q

What does a plant do whilst photosynthesising at the same time?

A

Respires

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6
Q

What is some of the oxygen produced as a waste product in photosynthesis used for ?

A

Some is used for respiration

the rest diffused out of the leaf

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7
Q

Does photosynthesis happen in the day or the night of Both?

A

Only the day because photosynthesis needs light

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8
Q

Does respiration happen in the day or at night or both?

A

Both reparation happens in the day and night

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9
Q

In the day is there a net release of oxygen or carbon dioxide in a plant?

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

In the day is there a net take in if carbon dioxide or oxygen in a plant?

A

Carbon dioxide

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11
Q

At night is there a net take in of oxygen or carbon dioxide in a plant ?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

At night is there a net release of oxygen or carbon dioxide in a plant?

A

Carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Name 4 ways a leaf is adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

They are broad- large surface area for diffusion

Thin- gases can easily diffuse

They have stomata- let gases diffuse in and out

They have air spaces - increase surface area and oxygen and carbon dioxide can move easily between cells

Guard cells- opens and closes for efficient gas exchange

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14
Q

What colour is hydrogen carbonate solution at the start?

A

Orange

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15
Q

What colour is hydrogen carbonate solution when there is increase levels of carbon dioxide?

A

Yellow

16
Q

What colour is hydrogen carbonate solution when the level of carbon dioxide decreases?

A

Purple

17
Q

Describe an experiment to show how light effects gas exchange in a plant

A
  1. Add hydrogen carbonate solution to 4 test tubes
  2. Add a leaf to 3 test tubes and put a bung on to stop the leaves falling
  3. Wrap a test tube in aluminium foil
  4. Put a gauze around another test tube
  5. Place test tubes in light
  6. Leave for an hour then observe results
18
Q

What are the results of the 4 test tubes used to experiment how light effect gas exchange?

A

Test tube with no leaf- remains orange

Test tube with leaf and foil( no light) -turns yellow, respiration happens, no photosynthesis, carbon dioxide increases

Test tube with leaf and gauze- remains orange, some respiration and some photosynthesis , carbon dioxide levels remain the same

Test tube with leaf (exposed to light) - turns purple , photosynthesis happens more than respiration so carbon dioxide levels decrease

19
Q

What is the thorax?

A

The top part if the body (where lungs are) and needed for breathing and separated by diaphragm

20
Q

What are the lungs protected by?

A

Rib cage

21
Q

How does gas enter the body?

A

Through the mouth

22
Q

How does the oxygen enter the blood? ( name the body parts in order)

A 
Mouth
Trachea
Bronchi (bronchus)
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Blood
23
Q

What are bronchi and bronchioles?

A

Bronchi are the 2 tubes that the trachea splits into

Bronchioles are the branches off the bronchi

24
Q

What happens to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm and thorax when we breathe in?

A

Intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Thorax volume increase and pressure decreases

25
Q

What happens to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm and thorax when we breathe out?

A

Intercostal muscles relax
Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Thorax volume decreases

26
Q

Describe an experiment to show how exercise effects breathing rate

A
  1. Sit still for 5 mins
  2. Now count how many breaths you take in 1 minute
  3. Now do 5 mins of exercise on a treadmill
  4. And count your breaths in a minute
  5. Make other people do the same experiment to get a wide range of how exercise effects breathing rate
27
Q

Why does breathing rate increase when we do exercise?

A

Because the muscles are using up more energy so they are respiring more so we need to take in more oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide from the body

28
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

Little air sacs in the lungs where has exchange happens

29
Q

Does the blood passing next to the alveoli have a higher concentration of carbon dioxide that in the alveoli or lower concentration than in the alveoli ?

A

Blood has a higher concentration if carbon dioxide

30
Q

Does oxygen diffuse out of blood or alveolus?

A

Diffuses out of alveoli as there is a higher concentration in the alveoli than in the blood ( diffusion higher to lower concentration)

31
Q

What happens when the blood with oxygen in reaches cells in the body?

A

Oxygen is released from red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffused out of cells into blood

32
Q

Name 4 ways alveoli are adapted for their function if gas exchange

A

Millions of them- increased surface area for gas exchange

Permeable walls- easy for gases to diffuse through

Good blood supply- high concentration of gases maintained

Thin walls( one cell thick) - easy for gases to diffuse through- short distance

Moist lining- easy for gases to dissolve

33
Q

Name 4 products found in cigarettes

A 
Tar
Tobacco
Carcinogens
Carbon monoxide
Nicotine
34
Q

What do carcinogens cause?

A

Cancer

35
Q

How do cigarettes and smoking cause emphysema ?

A

They damage walls of alveoli
This reduces surface area for gas exchange
Therefore having shortness of breath

36
Q

What are the dangers of tar in the body?

A

Tar is a treacle like substance which damages the cilia as it collects on them. Cilia are then damaged and cause chest infections as mucus can’t be removed by damaged cilia

Tar causes bronchitis- irritates bronchi/bronchioles causing them to produce mucus but it can’t be cleared by damaged cilia

37
Q

What are the risks if carbon monoxide in the blood?

A

Reduces oxygen in the blood
Causes increase heart rate to try and get more oxygen in the blood
Causes high blood pressure causing damaged artery walls
Causes blood clots
Increased risk of coronary heart disease

Biology (6 decks)

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