Gas Laws Flashcards

Question

Does average kinetic energy depend of the identity of the gas?

Answer 1

No, average kinetic energy depends on temperature

Answer 2

``` Effusion= movement of gas through a small opening Diffusion= movement from high to low concentration ``` *effusion and diffusion are substantially the same process *

Answer 3

The rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular mass, and depends on speed of molecules Rate A/ Rate B = the square root of (mmB/mmA) Mm= molecular mass * The premise is that heavier gas molecules will move more slowly

Answer 4

Rate = D x A x P1-P2/ (T x square root of molecular weight) ``` D= diffusion coefficient A= surface area P1-P2= difference of partial pressure of gas across membrane T= thickness of membrane ``` Said another way, the rate of diffusion across a membrane is determined by: - chemical nature of the membrane itself (diffusion coefficient) - surface area of membrane - partial pressure gradient of the gas across the membrane - thickness of membrane

Answer 5

Applies to gas in alveoli going into tissues

Answer 6

The extent that an alveolar gas’s partial pressure will equilibrium across the alveolar membrane as blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 7

The rate of blood flow through pulmonary capillaries—> “perfusion limitation”

Answer 8

- the concentration effect - the 2nd gas effect - diffusion hypoxia - why nitrous leads to increase in volume and increase in pressure in gas spaces in the body

Answer 9

CO2 is 20 times more soluble

Answer 10

Simple diffusion across a membrane

Answer 11

A difference in partial pressures

Answer 12

The amount of a non-reactive gas which dissolves in liquid is directly proportionate to the partial pressure of gas (if temperature remains constant) - permits calculation of dissolved CO2 and O2 in blood

Answer 13

Dissolved O2 in blood is 0.003mL/100mL blood/mmHg partial pressure of O2 —> multiple pp of O2 by 0.003

Answer 14

The amount of gas dissolved is inversely proportionate to temperature—> the colder the liquid,the more gas that will dissolve - in the O.R. The colder your patient is—> gas will hang around longer

Answer 15

The ratio of concentration of a compound in 1 solvent to the concentration in another solvent at equilibrium - describes how gas will partition itself between the 2 phases after equilibrium is reached The higher the coefficient, the more readily the gas dissolves in the liquid

Answer 16

1.8 times the concentration in the blood than in the alveoli

Answer 17

Higher lipophillicity= higher potency = higher solubility

Answer 18

More agent needs to be dissolved—> slower onset | MAC decreases as blood gas partition coefficient increases, usually

Answer 19

Agents with increased oil solubility have greater potency, due to the cell’s lipid membrane * later disproved—> experiments proved protein, ion changes or enzymes were the cause (inhibition of Luciferase enzyme)

Answer 20

Ideal: obey laws at all temperatures and pressures * there are no ideal gases * Real: deviate at high pressure and/or temperatures - van der waals equation deals with this deviation

Answer 21

- Assumes gas molecules have finite volumes - and gas molecules attract one another (van der waals forces) * these forces must be broken for liquid molecules to enter gas phase *

Answer 22

“Joules cools” - as a cylinder of compressed gas empties, the cylinder cools —> this is how a cryoprobe works

Answer 23

In a sealed container where heat can’t flow - if you compress the gas—> work is done on the gas - this increases energy—also increases HEAT So, if you halve the volume, you double the pressure - when you connect to pipeline, the temperature change could be hot enough to cause a fire

Gas Laws Flashcards

(47 cards)