Gastro 1 Flashcards by Hailey Lopez

Cathartic

Medication that makes patient vomit / have diarrhea

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Colonic irrigation

Washing out of the colon

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What are the 4 main functions/ steps of the gastrointestinal tract?

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

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Ingestion

Occurs in the mouth - mechanical breakdown of nutrients

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Digestion

In stomach
- mechanically/ chemically prepares food for uptake by bodies cells

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Absorption

Small intestine - absorbs digested food and transfers nutrients to circulation

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What step of the Gi tract maintains fluid and electrolyte balance

Absorption

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Elimination

Large intestine - eliminates of waste by defecation

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Gastric mobility

Stomach secretes large volumes of gastric juices
Mucus
Hydrochloride acid
Pepsin
Intrinsic factors
Gastroferrin

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Steps of gastric motility

Swallowing
Esophageal peristalsis
Stomac secretes juices
Gastric emptying

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Intestinal mobility

Movements of small intestine facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients

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Parts of small intestine

Duodenum
Jujunum
Ileum

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Liver function

Produce bile to absorb fat soluble vitamins
Metabolize fats
Metabolize proteins
Carbs
Metabolic detoxification

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Pancreas functions

Secrete enzymes & alkaline fluids to help in digestion

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Gallbladder function

Store and concentrate bile between meals

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What are some factors that affect normal bowel function?

Age
Diet!!
Physical activity
Psychological factors
Personal habits - eating late
Meds

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What are some common gIsymptoms will you see in an older adult?

Decreased gastric motility
Decreased secretions from small intestine
Decreased liver size/function
Decreased enzyme production
Sense of smell decreases
Decrease taste buds
Teeth lost

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What needs to be done during a assessment of the Gi system?

Health history / med history
Height / weight
Mouth
Abdomen- listen to bowels then palpate

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Bristol stool chart

The standard of typing a persons stool

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What are the 2 classifications of gi conditions

Non inflammatory
Inflammatory

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Non inflammatory are considered

Constipation
Diarrhea
Incontinence
Hemorrhoids
Gerd
Ibs

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Inflammatory acute

Appendicitis
Peritonitis
Gastroenteritis
Cholecystitis

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Chronic inflammatory GI

Crohn’s disease
Diverticulitis
Ulcerative colitis

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Gastritis

Breakdown of normal mucosal barrier that protects stomach from HCl - causing stomach lining to become inflamed

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Common causes for gastritis

Meds like nsaids H pylori

Treatment for gastritis

Eliminate meds/foods that cause it Administering h2 blockers

Upper gi bleeds are found where

Stomach up

Severity of upper gi bleed

Loss of more than 1500 ml/ 25% of blood

Hematemesis

Frank blood Or coffee ground emesis from stomach

Melena

Black tarry stools

Causes of UGIB

Food Alcohol Tumor s Meds Pud Esophageal caprices

Esophageal varices

Little tears that can cause hemorrhaging

Lab diagnostics for UGIB

CBC Bun Pt/ ptt Liver function

What are nursing care for UGIB

Monitor shock secondary to gi bleed I/o s Abdominal exam Fluid resuscitation/ prep for blood transfusion

Peptic ulcer

Erosion of the gi mucosa by HCl acid and pepsin

Acute ulcer

Superficial erosion and minimal inflammation

Chronic ulcer

Erodes through muscular wall - can be intermittent throughout patients life

Causes of peptic ulcers

Stress Smoking Medications Psych distress H pylori

Duodenal ulcer

Most common type - caused by a disease

How to test for ulcers

Blood test - cbc - ammonia Amylase Pylori test - c urea breath test

How are ulcers treated

Rest Diet modification- - 6 small meals a day Medications STOP nsaid use!!

Common drugs for h pylori

Ppi reduces acid Antibiotics - eliminates it Ppi and antibiotics

What are some complications from ulcers

Hemorrhage Perforation - hurting allowing bacteria to spread Smoking - delayed healing

What are the type of Ulcer surgeries

Billroth 1 Billroth 2

Billroth 1

Gastroduodenostomy Stomach to dueodenum

Billroth 2

Gastrojejunosromy Stomach to jejunum

Dumpling syndrome

Surgery reduces reservoir capacity of stomach and control of fluid entering small intestine - goes directly through

Biggest sign of dumping syndrome

Loud bs - going to the bathroom right after eating

Treatment for dumping syndrome

6 small meals / day No fluid w/ meal Avoid sweets

Food borne illness commonly caused by

E. coli - due to undercooked meats and contaminated fruits/ veggies

Gerd

Reflex of gastric secretions into esophagus

Treatment for Gerd

Weight loss No smoking No nsaid use Head of bed raised during meals

Four types of medications given for Gerd

H2 blockers Ppi Protectant Prokinetic

H2 blockers

- decrease acid secretion Ranitidine Cimetidine - Tagamet Famotidine - Pepcid

Ppi

Inhibit production of HCl Omeprazole (Prilosec) Esomeprazole - nexium Pantoprazole - proton is

Protectant

Coats stomach Sucralfate- carafate

Prokinetic

Increase gastric motility Metoclopramide - raglan

Constipation

No BM in 3 days

Types of enemas

Tap water Normal saline Cleaning Soap sud

Tap water enema

Erects lower osmotic pressure

Cleaning enema

Cause irritation by causing normal saline / soap suds to stimulate peristalsis

Oil retention enema

Lubricates to make stool to come out easier

Bulk forming laxatives

Increase water in intestine

Type of bulk forming laxative

Metamucil

Lubricants

Coats feces making it easier to pass - decrease in water and decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Stool softeners

Pull water into stool

Example of stool softeners

Docucate sodium - colace

Cathartics

Stimulate bowels - cause peristalsis

Example of cathartic

Senna Dulcolox Castor oil

Saline laxatives

Osmotic effect that draws water into bowel - stimulates peristalsis and lubricants

Example of saline laxative

Milk of mag

Diarrhea is considered the passage of

3 or more loose stools

What causes c diff

Use of a long spectrum antibiotic that alters flora

Treatments for diarrhea

Fluid replacement - electrolytes !! Antibiotics

What is the common antibiotic given for c diff

Flagella - metronidazole

Flatulence

Abdominal fullness , pain and cramping from reduction in motility

Emesis

Nausea and vomiting

What do you need to take in to account when emesis is happening?

Color Time of day Stress

Medications given for emesis

Campazine - phenergan Raglan Zofran Dronabinol

What should you consider post n/v of older adults?

Rehydration - fluid loss Electrolytes- loss Cardiac function - loss of potassium Risk for falls - meds

What are some nursing considerations for nasogastric decompression

Frequent ambulation Encourage fluids Slow diet advancement

Gastro 1 Flashcards

(81 cards)