Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4th Year Revision > Gastro > Flashcards

Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different type of Hepatitis?

A

A, B, C, D, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which ones are spread through faecal-oral and which are spread through bodily fluids/sexual transmission?

A

Faecal Oral: A & E

Bodily fluids: B, C & D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common type of Hepatitis worldwide?

and probable answer if nil PMH/ prior IV Hx or unprotected sexual Hx

A

Hep A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which Hep’s have vaccinations offered?

A

A, B & D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is NAFLD?

A

Non alcohol fatty liver disease

Diagnosis of exclusion where patient presents with liver symptoms but no history of alcohol excess and tests for hepatitis & immune related liver disease are all normal.

Typical Px - obese patients with CVD risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is autoimmune hepatitis?

Key markers of it?

A

Rare autoimmune condition - causes chronic hepatitis linked to over activation of T cells.

Two types: Type 1 (adults) and Type 2 (teens/early 20s)

Type 1 - women in their late 40/50s, around or after the menopause. Px: fatigue + features of liver disease on examination. ANA antibodies high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Management for Autoimmune hepatitis?

A

Prenisolone & Azathioprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Aspirin damage gastric mucosa?

A

Reduces mucus secretion which provides a barrier layer to the mucosa and thus protection from gastric acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does IBS present?

A 
Around ages of 20-40 
Women more commonly affected than men 
Recurrent abdominal pain and discomfort 
With:
- New onset of change in bowel habit or
- Improvement of pain/discomfort after defecation 
- new onset of change in stool formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long do you have to have symptoms f IBS before you can diagnose?

A

Must be present for 1 day per week for the last 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Management of IBS?

A

If excessive diarrhoea - Loperamide
If just abdominal pain/discomfort - Mebeverine

Can give both to target the different symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Wilsons disease?

A

An inherited autosomal recessive condition of impaired copper metabolism. Faulty gene in on chromosome 13.

Results in excessive accumulation or deposition of copper throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Wilsons disease presents as…

A

Hepatic, neurological & psychiatric symptoms

Presents in children with jaundice and liver failure, kayser fleischer rings (golden ring around the iris), dysarthria and dystonia.

Later presentations are more advanced with Parkinson like Neuro presentation (although asymmetrical unlike true Parkinson’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment for Wilson’s disease?

A

Penicillamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

An autoimmune condition which reacts to gluten in the diet. Exposure to gluten triggers inflammation in the small bowel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What antibodies are seen in coeliac disease?

A

Anti-tissue transglutaminase (Anti-TTG) most important
and
Anti-endomysial (anti-EMA)

17
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

An autoimmune condition which reacts to gluten in the diet. Exposure to gluten triggers inflammation in the small bowel.

Presents as: failure to thrive in young children 
Diarrhoea (non-bloody) 
Fatigue
Weight loss
Mouth ulcers 
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
18
Q

Diagnostic results seen….

Treatment for Wilson’s disease?

A

Low ceruloplasmin + high urinary copper
Definitive diagnosis liver biopsy

Penicillamine

19
Q

Is coeliac linked to other conditions?

A 
Yes - other autoimmune conditions such as:
T1DM 
Thyroid disease 
Autoimmune hepatitis 
PBC/PSC
20
Q

Management for Coeliac?

A

No cure - gluten free diet life long

21
Q

Which hormone inhibits gastrin secretion?

A

Somatostatin

Think Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

22
Q

Liver cancer has two main types….

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma

23
Q

Main risk factors for

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
  • Cholangiocarinoma
A

HCC

  • Viral Hep B & C,
  • Alcohol use
  • NAFLD
  • Chronic liver disease

Cholangiocarcinoma
- PSC

24
Q

What does a high alphafetoprotein suggest?

A

HCC

25
Q

What does a high Ca19-9 suggest?

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

26
Q

Management of HCC and Cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Both have a very poor prognosis

Liver transplant can be curative if patient healthy enough to undergo procedure

Medical Mx of HCC - kindse inhibitors (end in ‘nib’) Lenvatinib

27
Q

45 year old male, history of alcohol excess, 3 month history of intermittent, severe abdominal pain + diarrhoea with pale, bulky, foul smelling stools that are hard to flush…

A

Chronic pancreatitis

Alcohol excess + reduced pancreatic enzyme production - pale, foul smelling stools

28
Q 
What do the combination of: 
- post prandial abdo pain (pain after eating) 
- weight loss due to reduced intake 
- concurrent CVD PMH (angina, PVD etc) 
and 
- unremarkable examination

suggest?

A

Mesenteric ischaemia

29
Q

How do you test for H Pylori?

A

Urea breath test

30
Q

What is the management for H pylori?

A

Amox + Clarithromycin + Omeprazole (PPI)

31
Q

Patient who suffers from dysphagia to both solids and liquids and no other PMH.
A birds beak deformity is seen on barium swallow…

A

Achalasia

32
Q

How do you treat Achalasia?

A

Dilatation of lower oesophageal sphincter using Botox or balloon dilatation

33
Q

Definitive diagnostic test for Achalasia?

How do you treat Achalasia?

A

Oesophageal pH monitoring

Dilatation of lower oesophageal sphincter using Botox or balloon dilatation

34
Q

What can octreotide be used for?

A

Octreotide - a synthetic somatostatin

Somatostatin inhibits gastrin secretion so useful in Gastrinoma

35
Q

Oesophageal varices….

A

Occur in patients with alcoholic history

Presents as patient with liver disease (hepatomegaly/splenomegaly), spider naevi, deranged LFTs

36
Q

Management of Oesophageal varices?

A

Resuscitation, PPI and urgent endoscopy

37
Q

Patient presents with generalised pruritus, jaundice, deranged LFTS, ALP being highest & elevated AMA levels….

Diagnosis?
Definitive diagnostic test?
Management?

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)

Definitive - Liver biopsy

Management - Ursodeoxycholic acid

38
Q

Risk factors for Gastric cancer:

A 
H. Pylori 
Pernicious anaemia 
Smoking 
Blood group A 
Diet (high in nitrate & salt)

4th Year Revision (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions