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Gastrointestinal > gastro Anatomy 🪢 > Flashcards

gastro Anatomy 🪢 Flashcards

1
Q

innervation and vasculature to foregut

A

coeliac trunk

greater splanchic nerves

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2
Q

blood and nerve supply to the midgut

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

lesser splanchnic

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3
Q

blood and nerve supply to the hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

lesser splanchnic

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4
Q

5 parts of the stomach

A

cardia fundus body antrum and pylorus

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5
Q

what are the two sphincters in the stomach

A

cardiac / inferior oesophageal sphincter

pyloric sphincter

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6
Q

what veterbral level does the stomach lie in

A

t7 to l3

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7
Q

function of the pyloric sphincter and location

A

controls the exit of chyme from the stomach

Between pylorus and first part of duodenum

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8
Q

what is the cardiac orifice and what level

A

where the oesophagus turns into stomach

T10

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9
Q

What region does the stomach lie in

A

Epigastric and umbilical

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10
Q

Superior structures of stomach

A

Oesophagus and left dome of diaphragm

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11
Q

visceral and parietal peritoneum

A

parietal - peritoneum covers the organs inside the abdom cavity
viscera- covers the abdom wall

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12
Q

What does the greater omenta contain

A

Lymph nodes

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13
Q

Lesser omenta origin and function

A

Arises at the lesser curvature and ascends to attach to the liver
Attach the stomach and duodenum to the liver

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14
Q

How do the lesser and greater sacs communicate

A

Epiploic foramen.

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15
Q

vasculature to greater curvature and and what they arise from

A

right gastroepiploic/ omental arise from common hepatic

left gastric/ epiplolic arise from splenic artery.

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16
Q

vasculature to the lesser curvature

A

right gastric artery - arise from ccommon hepatic

left gastric artery -direct from coeliac trunk

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17
Q

what supplies the fundus

A

short gastric arteries

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18
Q

Innervation to the stomach

A

Parasympathetic vagus

Sympathetic greater splanchnic nerve

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19
Q

Lymphatics of the stomach

A

Gastric and gastro omental lymph nodes

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20
Q

where is the xiphisternum

A

most inferior part of the xiphoid process

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21
Q

what is the iliac crest

A

Illiums most superior border

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22
Q

what is addisons plane / transpyloric plane

A

plane located midway between the jugular notch and superior border of pubic symphysis, at approximately the level of L1 vertebral bod–

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23
Q

mcburneys point

A

from belly button to right hip bone

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24
Q

3 flat muscles of anterior abdom wall

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus

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25
Q

attachment function innervation of external oblique

A

Attachments: ribs 5-12, and inserts into the iliac crest and pubic tubercle.
Functions: Contralateral rotation of the torso.
Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12).

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26
Q

attachment function and innervation of internal oblique

A

originates from inguinal ligament
Bilateral contraction compresses the abdomen
thoracoabdominal nerve

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27
Q

attachment function and innervation of transversus abdominus

A

origin ; inguinal ligament
compression of abdominal contents
thoracoabdomial nerve

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28
Q

two vertical abdom muscles

A

rectus abdominus

pyramidalis

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29
Q

what is the rectus sheath formed by

A

aponeuroses of the three flat muscles and encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

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30
Q

posterior and anterior wall of rectus sheath

A

anterior - ext obl and 1/2 internal

posterior- 1/2 int and transversus abdominus

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31
Q

Origin and function of greater splanchnic nerve

A

Medial branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia 5-9

Sympathetic supply of the foregut and adrenal medulla

32
Q

Origin and function of lesser splanchnic nerve

A

Medial branches of sympathetic ganglia 10-11

Sympathetic supply of midgut

33
Q

Origin and function of least splanchnic nerve

A

Medial branches of sympathetic ganglion 11-12

Sympathetic supply of kidneys

34
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

35
Q

What is the ileocecal junction

A

At the ileum where small intestine becomes large intestine

36
Q

What is retroperitoneal

A

Abdominal structures only partially covered by peritoneum

37
Q

Superior and inferior surface of first part of duodenum ( superior. )

A

Hepatoduodenal ligamant superiorly

Greater omentum inferior

38
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Where the main pancreatic duct combines with common bile duct

39
Q

Posterior structures to inferior part of duodenum

A

Ivc
Aorta
Ima

40
Q

Anterior structures of the inferior duodenum

A

Sma

Smv

41
Q

What supplies the first two parts of duodenum

A

Superior pancreaticduodenal artery

42
Q

Pathway from coeliac trunk to pancreaticduodenal a

A 
Coeliac trunk 
Common hepatic artery 
Supraduodenal artery
Gastroduodenal artery 
Pancreaticduodenal artery
43
Q

Venous drainage of the duodenum

A

Coeliac lymph nodes starting from pancreaticduodenal lymph nodes

44
Q

Innervation of the duodenum

A

Sympathetic
Greater t5-t9 and lesser t10-11splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic - vagus

45
Q

Where does the jejunum start

A

At the duodenal flexure

46
Q

Arterial blood supply to the jejunum and ileum

A

SMA

47
Q

Is jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

48
Q

What connects the jejunum to poster abdom wall

A

Small intestine mesentery

49
Q

What parts of large intestine are intraperitoneal

A

Transverse and sigmoid colon

50
Q

What nerve lies anterior to the abdom Oesophagus and which posterior

A

Left vagus anterior

Right vagus posterior

51
Q

Folds of mucosa in the small intestine are called

A

Pilcae circulares

52
Q

Characteristics of jejunum

A

Thick intestinal wall
Longer vasa recta
Less arterial arcades

53
Q

Characteristics of ileum

A

Thin intestinal walls
Short vasa recta
More arterial arcades

54
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Absorbs water from residual digested food

Form and stores faeces until defacation

55
Q

Difference between small and large intestine

A

Large has
Omental appendices - fatty outgrowths
Teniae coli - 3 strips of smooth muscle
Haustra- pouch like bulges

56
Q

8 parts of large intestinal tract

A 
Appendix 
Caecum
Ascending colon 
Transverse colon 
Descending 
Sigmoid 
Rectum 
Anal canal
57
Q

Names of 5 parts of large intestine

A 
Caecum 
Ascending 
Transverse 
Descending 
Sigmoid
58
Q

How is the caecum attached to appendix

A

Mesoappendix

59
Q

State whether caecum is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

A

Intra
Ileocolic artery
Ileocolic vein drains into superior mesenteric vein

60
Q

State whether ascending colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

A

Retro
Ileocolic and right colic artery
Ileocolic and right colic veins

61
Q

State whether the transverse colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

A

Intra
Middle colic a
Smv

62
Q

State whether descending colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

A

Intra
Left colic and superior sigmoid a branch of ima
Imv

63
Q

State whether sigmoid is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

A

Intra
Sigmoid arteries
Imv

64
Q

What level is ima

A

L3

65
Q

Marginal a

A

Anastomoses of intestinal a

66
Q

Where does lymph from caecum appendix ascending colon and transverse colon drain

A

Ileocolic nodes
Right colic nodes
Middle colic nodes

67
Q

Where does lymph from descending colon and sigmoid colon drain into

A

Left colic node

Inferior mesenteric lymph

68
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to large i

A

Vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

69
Q

Sympathetic innervation to li

A

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves

70
Q

Branches of coeliac trunk

A

Left gastric
Splenic artery
Common hepatic

71
Q

Smallest branch of coeliac trunk and what it anastomoses with

A

Left gastric artery

Anastomoses with - right gastric artery

72
Q

Branches of the common hepatic

A

Proper hepatic

Gastroduodenal

73
Q

What does it mean to be a retroperitoneal organ

A

Only covered in parietal peritoneum and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface

74
Q

What is a mesentery

A

A double layer of visceral peritoneum

Connects an intraperitoneal organ to the posterior abdom wall .

75
Q

What is the arcuate line

A

Semicircular line of Douglas

Curbed line posterior to rectus abdominis

76
Q

Superior to arcuate line what can you expect to find

A

External oblique
Some of internal oblique
Trans versus abdominus

77
Q

What can you expect to find inferior to the arcuate line

A

All fascia lies in front

Only peritoneum and transversalis fascia behind rectus abdominus here

Gastrointestinal (8 decks)

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