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general anatomy > GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT > Flashcards

GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT Flashcards

1
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce saliva

Parotid gland
Sub mandibular gland
Sub lingual gland

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2
Q

Saliva

A

Glands produce 1 L per day

Contain salivary amylase , mucin and lysozyme

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3
Q

Parotid gland

A

Produce serous

The largest

Located anterior to the ears

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4
Q

Parotid duct

A

Penetrates buccinator opposite crown of the second upper molar tooth

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5
Q

Sub lingual gland

A

Many small salivary glands distributed all over the mucosa of the mouth

Produce mucous

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6
Q

Sub mandibular gland

A

Produce serous and mucous

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7
Q

Salivary amylase function

A

Breaks down and digest starch&raquo_space; poly saccharide to simple ones

Enhances sweet teste of food

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8
Q

Mucin function

A

Lubricates food for better teste

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9
Q

Lysozyme function

A

Antibacterial action

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10
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Digestive part of pharynx

Transmit food an water

Connects the mouth with esophagus

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11
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube from pharynx to the stomach

Transmit food from pharynx to stomach

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12
Q

Deglutition / swallowing phases

A

Voluntary phase

Pharyngeal phase

Esophageal phase

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13
Q

Esophageal sphincters

A

Regulates the movement of food in and out of the esophagus

Upper esophagus sphincter

Lower / cardiac sphincter

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14
Q

Primary function of stomach

A

Storage of ingested food

Mixing

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15
Q

Location of stomach

A

Located at the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

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16
Q

Cardiac opening of the stomach

A

Open from esophagus to stomach surrounded by cardiac sphincter

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17
Q

Cardiac region / area of the stomach

A

Near the cardiac opening

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18
Q

Fondus of the stomach

A

Its the most superior part

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19
Q

The body of stomach

A

The largest part of the stomach

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20
Q

Pyloric region / area of the stomach

A

Near pyloric opening

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21
Q

Pyloric opening

A

Open into small intestine

Surrounded by the pyloric sphincter

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22
Q

Muscular layers of the stomach

A

Important in the churning action of the stomach

Inner oblique layer “ muscle “

Middle circular layer “ muscle “

Outer longitudinal layer “ muscle “

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23
Q

Chyme

A

Ingested food and stomach secretion

24
Q

Stomach secretions

A

Mucus

Hydrochloric acid

Pepsinogen

Intrinsic factor

Gastrin

25
Q

Gastrin

A

Hormone that regulate gastric secretion

Stimulate

Parietal cells&raquo_space; HCI + intrinsic factor
Chief cells&raquo_space; pepsinogen

26
Q

Phases of secretion regulation

A

Cephalic phase

Gastric phase

Intestinal phase

27
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Binds with vitamin B12 and making it easily absorbed by small intestine which is important in DNA synthesis and erythropoietin

28
Q

Mixing waves

A

Mixes food to make chyme

Relatively weaker contraction

29
Q

Peristaltic waves

A

Stronger contraction

Forces chyme toward and through the pyloric sphincter

30
Q

Greater and lesser curves

A

The smaller one is called lesser curve

The larger one is called greater curve

31
Q

Lips \ labia

A

Orbiculares oris muscle

Outer surface&raquo_space; skin

Inner surface&raquo_space; thin transparent membrane

32
Q

Cheeks

A

Lateral walls

Buccinator muscle

33
Q

Lips and cheeks function

A

Mastication

Manipulation food in the mouth

Hold food in place

Speech

34
Q

Tongue

A

Large muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum

35
Q

Tongue function

A

Moves food in the mouth

Holds in place

Taste

Speech

36
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the oral cavity

37
Q

Palate function

A

Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

38
Q

Palate types

A

Hard palate&raquo_space; anterior > bone

Soft palate&raquo_space; posterior > skeletal muscle and connective tissue

39
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that covers the abdominal walls and organs

Layers
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum

40
Q

Mesentery

A

Two layers of serous membrane / peritoneum

Holds some organs of the abdominal cavity in place

There is omentum and greater omentum

41
Q

Lesser omentum

A

stomach liver and diaphragm

42
Q

Greater omentum

A

Stomach colon posterior body wall

Fat filled apron “ fat accumulation “
Retro peritoneal organs “ mesentery “

43
Q

Function of the liver

A

Digestion

Excretion

Nutrient storage

Nutrient conversion

Detoxification

Synthesis of molecules

44
Q

Retroperitoneal organ

A

“ Pancreas “
» endocrine organ > islets of langerhans > secretes insulin

> > exocrine organ > produce digestive enzymes > drains to the pancreatic duct

45
Q

Dudenum

A

Proximal part of small intestine

Contains common bile duct “ liver “ and pancreatic duct “ pancreas “

46
Q

Jejunum

A

It is the middle part of small intestine

47
Q

Ileum

A

Distal part of payers patches cluster of lymphatic nodules

Found mostly in the ileum provides protection from harm-full micro organism

48
Q

Ileocecal junction

A

Ileum + large intestine junction

Contains ileocecal sphincter and ileocecal valve

Both allow flow of material from ileum to large intestine

Prevent back flow

49
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Feces production&raquo_space; chyme > feces at colon

Water absorption

50
Q

Normal flora of the colon

A

Microorganisms that normally inhabit the colon

Contributes 30% of dry weight of the feces

Function of the colon flora is synthesizes vitamin K

51
Q

Time required for materials to pass through the large intestine

A

18-24 hours

52
Q

Anal canal

A

From the rectum to the anus

Contain
Internal anal sphincter

Smooth muscle

Thickest muscular layer of the large intestine

External anal sphincter

Skeletal muscle

53
Q

Rectum

A

From the sigmoid colon to the anal canal thicker smooth muscle wall compared to the rest of the digestive tract

54
Q

Cecum

A

Proximal end of the large intestine located in the right lower quadrant contains a finger-like projection called appendix

55
Q

Colon

A

Ascending colon , transverse colon descending colon

Sigmoid colon , S shaped ends at the rectum

56
Q

Colon contents

A

Crypts > straight tubular glands within the mucosa

Teniae coli > band of smooth muscle layer of the large intestine

57
Q

Parts of large intestine

A

Cecum , colon , rectum , anal canal

general anatomy (4 decks)

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