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General Anatomy > GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT > Flashcards

GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce saliva

Parotid gland
Sub mandibular gland
Sub lingual gland

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2
Q

Saliva

A

Glands produce 1 L per day

Contain salivary amylase , mucin and lysozyme

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3
Q

Parotid gland

A

Produce serous

The largest

Located anterior to the ears

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4
Q

Parotid duct

A

Penetrates buccinator opposite crown of the second upper molar tooth

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5
Q

Sub lingual gland

A

Many small salivary glands distributed all over the mucosa of the mouth

Produce mucous

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6
Q

Sub mandibular gland

A

Produce serous and mucous

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7
Q

Salivary amylase function

A

Breaks down and digest starch&raquo_space; poly saccharide to simple ones

Enhances sweet teste of food

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8
Q

Mucin function

A

Lubricates food for better teste

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9
Q

Lysozyme function

A

Antibacterial action

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10
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Digestive part of pharynx

Transmit food an water

Connects the mouth with esophagus

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11
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube from pharynx to the stomach

Transmit food from pharynx to stomach

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12
Q

Deglutition / swallowing phases

A

Voluntary phase

Pharyngeal phase

Esophageal phase

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13
Q

Esophageal sphincters

A

Regulates the movement of food in and out of the esophagus

Upper esophagus sphincter

Lower / cardiac sphincter

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14
Q

Primary function of stomach

A

Storage of ingested food

Mixing

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15
Q

Location of stomach

A

Located at the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

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16
Q

Cardiac opening of the stomach

A

Open from esophagus to stomach surrounded by cardiac sphincter

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17
Q

Cardiac region / area of the stomach

A

Near the cardiac opening

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18
Q

Fondus of the stomach

A

Its the most superior part

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19
Q

The body of stomach

A

The largest part of the stomach

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20
Q

Pyloric region / area of the stomach

A

Near pyloric opening

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21
Q

Pyloric opening

A

Open into small intestine

Surrounded by the pyloric sphincter

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22
Q

Muscular layers of the stomach

A

Important in the churning action of the stomach

Inner oblique layer “ muscle “

Middle circular layer “ muscle “

Outer longitudinal layer “ muscle “

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23
Q

Chyme

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A

Ingested food and stomach secretion

24
Q

Stomach secretions

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A

Mucus

Hydrochloric acid

Pepsinogen

Intrinsic factor

Gastrin

25
Gastrin
Hormone that regulate gastric secretion Stimulate Parietal cells >> HCI + intrinsic factor Chief cells >> pepsinogen
26
Phases of secretion regulation
Cephalic phase Gastric phase Intestinal phase
27
Intrinsic factor
Binds with vitamin B12 and making it easily absorbed by small intestine which is important in DNA synthesis and erythropoietin
28
Mixing waves
Mixes food to make chyme Relatively weaker contraction
29
Peristaltic waves
Stronger contraction Forces chyme toward and through the pyloric sphincter
30
Greater and lesser curves
The smaller one is called lesser curve The larger one is called greater curve
31
Lips \ labia
Orbiculares oris muscle Outer surface >> skin Inner surface >> thin transparent membrane
32
Cheeks
Lateral walls Buccinator muscle
33
Lips and cheeks function
Mastication Manipulation food in the mouth Hold food in place Speech
34
Tongue
Large muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum
35
Tongue function
Moves food in the mouth Holds in place Taste Speech
36
Palate
Roof of the oral cavity
37
Palate function
Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity Prevent food from entering the nasal cavity
38
Palate types
Hard palate >> anterior > bone Soft palate >> posterior > skeletal muscle and connective tissue
39
Peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the abdominal walls and organs Layers Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum
40
Mesentery
Two layers of serous membrane / peritoneum Holds some organs of the abdominal cavity in place There is omentum and greater omentum
41
Lesser omentum
stomach liver and diaphragm
42
Greater omentum
Stomach colon posterior body wall Fat filled apron “ fat accumulation “ Retro peritoneal organs “ mesentery “
43
Function of the liver
Digestion Excretion Nutrient storage Nutrient conversion Detoxification Synthesis of molecules
44
Retroperitoneal organ
“ Pancreas “ >> endocrine organ > islets of langerhans > secretes insulin >> exocrine organ > produce digestive enzymes > drains to the pancreatic duct
45
Dudenum
Proximal part of small intestine Contains common bile duct “ liver “ and pancreatic duct “ pancreas “
46
Jejunum
It is the middle part of small intestine
47
Ileum
Distal part of payers patches cluster of lymphatic nodules Found mostly in the ileum provides protection from harm-full micro organism
48
Ileocecal junction
Ileum + large intestine junction Contains ileocecal sphincter and ileocecal valve Both allow flow of material from ileum to large intestine Prevent back flow
49
Function of large intestine
Feces production >> chyme > feces at colon Water absorption
50
Normal flora of the colon
Microorganisms that normally inhabit the colon Contributes 30% of dry weight of the feces Function of the colon flora is synthesizes vitamin K
51
Time required for materials to pass through the large intestine
18-24 hours
52
Anal canal
From the rectum to the anus Contain Internal anal sphincter Smooth muscle Thickest muscular layer of the large intestine External anal sphincter Skeletal muscle
53
Rectum
From the sigmoid colon to the anal canal thicker smooth muscle wall compared to the rest of the digestive tract
54
Cecum
Proximal end of the large intestine located in the right lower quadrant contains a finger-like projection called appendix
55
Colon
Ascending colon , transverse colon descending colon Sigmoid colon , S shaped ends at the rectum
56
Colon contents
Crypts > straight tubular glands within the mucosa Teniae coli > band of smooth muscle layer of the large intestine
57
Parts of large intestine
Cecum , colon , rectum , anal canal

General Anatomy (4 decks)

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