RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

Nose

Answer 1

The nose is the outer surface of the nasal cavity

Question 2

Choanae

Answer 2

Posterior Opening of the nasal cavity going into pharynx

Question 3

Nasal septum

Answer 3

Divides the nasal cavity into left and right side

Question 4

Nares

Answer 4

External opening of the nose

Made up of stratified epithelium with hair

Hair present to trap particles

Question 5

Concha

Answer 5

Prominent ridges of the nasal cavity

Question 6

Hard palate

Answer 6

Forms the floor of the nasal cavity

Question 7

Function of nasal cavity

Answer 7

• traps small debris mucus
• sweeps mucus to the pharynx
• humidifies and warms air

Question 8

Nasal cavity tissues

Answer 8

Made up of respiratory epithelium “ pseudo stratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells “

Question 9

Types of Paranasal sinuses

Answer 9

• frontal sinuses
• maxillary sinuses
• ethmoidal sinuses
• sphenoidal sinuses

Question 10

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 10

Air filled spaces within bones

Question 11

Function of respiratory system

Answer 11

• voice production
• innate immunity
• gas exchange
• olfaction
• regulating of blood ph

Question 12

Function of pleural fluid

Answer 12

• lubricant between visceral and parietal pleura

- holds pleura membranes together

Question 13

Nasopharynx

Answer 13

Extends from choanae to uvula

Question 14

Oropharynx

Answer 14

Extends from uvula to epiglottis

Lined with stratified squamous

Question 15

Structure of uvula

Answer 15

• auditory tube

- pharyngeal tonsils

Question 16

Uvula

Answer 16

Soft process extends from the posterior edge of the soft palate , lined with respiratory epithelium .

Question 17

Oropharynx function

Answer 17

Passage of food , water and air

Question 18

Function of oropharynx stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 18

Protection against abrasion

Question 19

Structures of oropharynx

Answer 19

Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

Question 20

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 20

Largest laryngeal cartilage

Maintain an open passage way for air

Question 21

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 21

Maintain an open passage way for air

Question 22

Hyoid bone

Answer 22

Located on the anterior throat

Outer casing of nine cartilages , mostly hyaline

Question 23

Epiglottis cartilage

Answer 23

Helps prevent swallowed materials from entering the larynx and lungs

Question 24

True vocal cords

Answer 24

Primary source of voice production

Often gets inflamed “ laryngitis “

Question 25

False vocal cords

Answer 25

Prevent air from leaving the lungs Helps prevent helps prevent swallowing from entering larynx

Question 26

Trachea

Answer 26

C-shaped cartilage Protect the trachea Maintain an open passage way Contain smooth muscles to alter the diameter of the trachea Lined with respiratory epithelium Divided into right and left bronchi at T5 levels Bronchi also lined with respiratory epithelium and cartilage

Question 27

Lungs

Answer 27

It is the principle of respiratory Cone shaped Apex is situated superiorly Base is situated inferiorly

Question 28

Right lung

Answer 28

More vertical Larger in diameter Foreign bodies will lodge into right main bronchus Has three lobes superior , middle and inferior Each lobe is divided into ten lobules / broncho - pulmonary segments .

Question 29

Left lung

Answer 29

More horizontal Smaller in diameter Has two lobes superior and inferior Each lobe has nine lobules / broncho pulmonary segments

Question 30

Bronchi

Answer 30

Trachea Division into right and left bronchi at T5 levels Bronchi lined with respiratory epithelium and cartilage

Question 31

TRACHEO - BRONCHIAL - TREE

Answer 31

- walls becomes thinner as air passages becomes smaller . - Main bronchus >> lobar / secondary bronchus >> lobular / tertiary / segmental bronchus >> bronchioles “ without cartilage only smooth muscle “ >> terminal bronchioles >> respiratory bronchioles >> alveolar ducts >> alveoli .

Question 32

Alveoli

Answer 32

Small air sacs lined with simple squamous epithelium

Question 33

Alveolar sac

Answer 33

Two or more alveoli share a common opening

Question 34

Types of alveoli

Answer 34

Type one : thin , flat ; gas exchange | Type two : secrete pulmonary surfactant